Summary
This peer-reviewed study measured manganese concentrations in infant formulas and nutritional beverages marketed in the United States and France, examining both powder and ready-to-feed liquid products across dairy and plant-based bases. The study used particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) for analytical quantification and compared observed concentrations to breast milk levels and daily intake recommendations for infants and young children.
Key Numbers
Manganese concentrations in infant formulas and beverages as measured by PIXE/RBS analytical method. Results reported by product type (powder vs. ready-to-feed), product base (dairy vs. soy), and market (US vs. France). Comparison to breast milk reference values and age-targeted daily intake recommendations for infants (0–6 months) and young children.
Methods
Analytical approach: Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS). Sample scope: Infant formula powders, ready-to-feed infant formulas, and nutritional beverages for young children marketed in US and French retail channels. Geographic comparison: United States vs. France product regulations and actual market concentrations. Reference comparisons: Measured concentrations compared to manganese levels in breast milk and age-specific daily intake recommendations.
Implications
- For wiki: Ingredient pages (rice flour, wheat cereals, soy milk, dairy-based powders) should cite manganese findings by product category and market
- For HMT&C: Inform infant formula powder and RTF manganese thresholds; assess compliance with estimated safe and adequate daily intake (ESADI) ranges
- For courses: Support teaching materials on manganese in infant nutrition and fortification practices
- For app: Ingredient-level manganese profiles for infant formula and beverage contamination estimation
Wiki Pages Updated
metals/manganese.mdingredients/rice-flour.mdingredients/wheat-cereal.mdingredients/soy-milk.mdingredients/whey.mdingredients/milk-powder.mdproducts/infant-formula-powder-dairy.mdproducts/infant-formula-powder-soy.mdproducts/infant-formula-rtf-dairy.mdproducts/infant-formula-rtf-soy.mdproducts/infant-beverages.md
Page history
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