Overview
This study measured metals in banana, watermelon, apple, and pineapple sold in markets in Ihiala, Anambra State, Nigeria. It provides fresh-fruit context, including a direct pineapple matrix, with arsenic and iron exceeding the comparison limits used by the authors.
Key numbers
Source units are mg/kg.
- Mean fruit concentrations across sampled fruits: Zn 0.038917; Ni 0.042750; Cu 0.040000; Pb 0.003333; Cr 0.003917; As 0.004833; Fe 1.914750.
- WHO/FAO comparison limits in the source table: Zn 0.300; Ni 0.500; Cu 0.500; Pb 0.100; Cr 0.050; As 0.003; Fe 0.800.
- The source reports Zn, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Cr as within limits and As and Fe as not acceptable against its cited comparison values.
- The study collected 12 fruit samples from three markets plus three unripe banana samples for ripening comparison.
Methods
The authors used market sampling, questionnaires, and laboratory analysis. Statistical comparisons were made across fruits and markets.
Implications
The source supports fresh-fruit occurrence context for Nigerian market fruit. The source reports aggregate means rather than a clean pineapple-only table in extractable text, so fruit-specific routing should preserve that limitation.
Related evidence
Update history
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