HMTc Category 24 master node (Dairy and Milk Products). Promoted from a provisional scaffold under the v2.1 taxonomy reorganization (docs/governance/category-24-step0-lock, 2026-06-08). This is the category rollup; the eight rows (cow, goat/sheep, and camel milk; cheese; yogurt and cultured dairy; cream; milk powders; condensed and evaporated milks) are routing destinations that carry no candidate values yet. Camel milk (Row 3) is the priority home that previously had nowhere to route. Butter and ghee remain Category 7 Row 3 and cross-link here. Standards are not derived in this pass.
Literature scope
The literature corpus for this product class is currently thin. Sources route here as ingest proceeds; once enough sources accumulate, the synthesis pass will populate the Literature Evidence Summary, Source Evidence Inventory, and downstream sections.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References above identify works cited in the text.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shahzad et al. 2025. Assessment of hazardous trace metals and associated health risk as affected by feed intake in buffalo milk, Scientific Reports 15:9841 | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | PK Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs, Mn, Fe occurrence in Ninety buffalo-milk samples from Tehsil Daska, District Sialkot, Pakistan, grouped by buffalo feed category: alfalfa fodder, maize silage,… (n=90) |
| 2 | FDA 2024. Analytical Results for Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury in Food Intended for Babies and Young Children - TEP (FY2009-FY2024), FDA analytical results table | 2024 | Government dataset | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 3 | Zakaria et al. 2024. Impact of grazing around industrial areas on milk heavy metals contamination and reproductive ovarian hormones of she-camel with assessment of some technological processes on reduction of toxic residue concentrations, BMC Veterinary Research 20:34 | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | Contribution to this topic remains under review; see the source record for its reported scope. |
| 4 | Andrade et al. 2023. Metals in Cow Milk and Soy Beverages: Is There a Concern?, Toxics | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PT Pb, Cd, Mn occurrence in Twenty-eight beverages purchased on the Portuguese retail market in Lisbon between February and May 2019: 14 cow milk… (n=28) |
| 5 | Hasan et al. 2022. Determination of heavy metals in raw and pasteurized liquid milk of Bangladesh to assess the potential health risks, Food Research | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | BD Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in 64 raw cow milk samples and 64 liquid pasteurized milk samples collected from 64 administrative areas of Bangladesh… (n=128) |
| 6 | Norouzirad et al. 2018. Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries, Science of the Total Environment 635: 308-314 | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cd occurrence in Convenience sample of 118 raw cow milk samples, 14 fodder samples, and 8 water samples collected from 15… (n=140) |
| 7 | Adegbola et al. 2015. Evaluation of some heavy metal contaminants in biscuits, fruit drinks, concentrates, candy, milk products and carbonated drinks sold in Ibadan, Nigeria, International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd occurrence in Twelve sweet and milk-sweet brands, six biscuit brands, eleven fruit and flavoured concentrate brands, and five liquid drink… (n=34) |
| 8 | Islam et al. 2015. The concentration, source and potential human health risk of heavy metals in the commonly consumed foods in Bangladesh, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | BD Cr, Ni, Cu, tAs, Cd, Pb occurrence in Commonly consumed meat, egg, fish, milk, vegetable, cereal, and fruit foods collected from agriculture fields, farms, river, and… |
| 9 | EFSA 2014. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population, EFSA Journal 2014;12(3):3597 | 2014 | Government report | EU iAs, tAs concentrations (n=103773) |
| 10 | Loutfy et al. 2012. Analysis and exposure assessment of some heavy metals in foodstuffs from Ismailia city, Egypt, Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | EG Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu occurrence in About 350 locally produced individual food samples purchased in 2007 from four local markets around Ismailia city, Egypt,… (n=117) |
| 11 | Maduabuchi et al. 2007. Arsenic and Chromium in Canned and Non-Canned Beverages in Nigeria: A Potential Public Health Concern, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cr occurrence in Fifty commonly consumed canned and non-canned beverages purchased in Nigeria in March 2005: 21 canned beverages and 29… (n=50) |
Update history
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