Butter and ghee
This page is a scaffolded entry for HMTc Taxonomy v2.0 Category 7 (Oils, Condiments, and Specialty Foods), Row 3: Butter and ghee. Evidence ingest into this row is in progress; this page is the routing destination for source-page declarations of products: [butter-and-ghee]. Sections below are populated by the routing layer (CLAUDE.md Part 5b) as sources land. Where a section is empty, the row has not yet accumulated contributing sources of the required kind.
Who this page is for
- Brand legal teams
- What the peer-reviewed and regulatory literature reports for heavy-metal occurrence in Butter and ghee, with applicable regulatory caps and source-traceable findings. Use this page to evaluate certification or class-action exposure on a literature-anchored basis.
- Brand regulatory affairs / QA
- The current evidence base for Butter and ghee, the levers most-effective at reducing heavy-metal load, and the applicable regulatory limits with jurisdiction and basis.
- Retailers and category buyers
- The row-level assortment risk profile and where the literature distinguishes higher-risk from lower-risk product configurations within this row.
- HMT&C staff (internal)
- HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this public page. The Index and HMT&C operate on the same evidence base but apply different publication rules; see the methodology for the separation.
Methodology
This page reports what the cited sources say about heavy-metal concentrations in butter and ghee. Speciation is non-substitutable per CLAUDE.md Part 14 (iAs vs tAs, MeHg vs tHg, Cr-VI vs total Cr). Basis is preserved (finished-product as sold unless the source specifies otherwise; see each row for the basis label). Non-detect handling follows each source’s reporting convention. Pooling is avoided across LOD/LOQ, period, geography, and analytical-basis differences. HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this page; this public page reports literature evidence only.
The applicable regulatory jurisdictions for this row are: FDA, EU, Codex.
Literature Evidence Summary
Literature Evidence Summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in Butter and ghee. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation; pooling, percentile selection, and threshold math sit in the staff Standards Workbench rather than this public page.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | Butter and ghee (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | 100 ppb | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cd | Butter and ghee (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
Source Evidence Inventory
Pending ingest. The routing layer populates this section from the source-page set declaring products: [butter-and-ghee].
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending ingest. The routing layer surfaces sources whose author-stated scope is broader than this row (route_kind: broad_product_context) as they are added.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending ingest. The applicable regulatory jurisdictions for this row are recorded in the page frontmatter; the crosswalk table is generated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once regulation pages and field-evidence sources are routed to this row with structured limit values.
Levers to reduce contamination
Practical interventions to reduce heavy-metal load in this row, ordered by impact magnitude. Each lever names the magnitude of the effect with a cited source; cross-links to dedicated Mitigation pages where they exist.
- Sourcing levers — Pending ingest.
- Agronomic levers — Pending ingest. (See Agronomic mitigation for general agronomic mitigation context.)
- Processing levers — Pending ingest. (See Processing mitigation.)
- Formulation levers — Pending ingest. (See Formulation mitigation.)
- Testing and QC levers — Pending ingest. (See Testing and quality-control mitigation when published.)
- Packaging and storage levers — Pending ingest. (See Packaging and storage mitigation when published.)
How standards math uses this page
HMT&C certification thresholds for this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this page. The row-standard for this row is an aggregate computed from the contributing source pool in the row’s native finished-product basis; it is not a per-source decoration of any single value cited on this page. This public page reports literature evidence only.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Pending ingest. Regulatory events (recalls, enforcement actions, import alerts) relevant to this row will be added as agency records are ingested into the corpus.
Sources
Pending ingest. The Source Legend below is auto-generated by tools/evidence/build-source-legend.mjs once source pages declaring products: [butter-and-ghee] are added.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | GMMA et al. 2021. Detection of Trace Elements in Selective Dairy Products to assess Human Health Risk of Bangladeshi People, Oriental Journal of Chemistry | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | BD Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn occurrence in 128 cheese, 128 ghee, and 128 butter samples purchased from local shops across 64 administrative districts of Bangladesh;… (n=384) |
| 2 | Pankiewicz 2012. Monitoring of total mercury level in selected dairy products from the south-east regions of Poland, Ecological Chemistry and Engineering A | 2012 | Peer-reviewed | PL tHg occurrence in 48 dairy products (milk, kefir, natural and flavoured yogurt, cream, cream cheese, cottage cheese, butter, milk powder, buttermilk,… (n=48) |
| 3 | Starska et al. 2011. Noxious Elements in Milk and Milk Products in Poland, Polish Journal of Environmental Studies | 2011 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tHg, tAs occurrence in 483 milk and dairy product samples from all 16 Polish voivodships (2006–2007); 92% domestic production, 8% other EU… (n=483) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| ae6c129 | 2026-07-01 | feat(auth): large login + role-based signup screens (design, burgundy) |