Hasan et al. 2022 - Heavy metals in raw and pasteurized liquid milk from Bangladesh

Hasan and colleagues measured Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and total As in 128 milk samples from Bangladesh, split evenly between raw cow milk and liquid pasteurized milk. The paper is routeable for milk occurrence because it reports concentration means, minima, maxima, and SDs in mg/kg for each matrix, with separate raw and pasteurized rows. The highest mean values in both matrices were for Cu and Cr; Pb averaged 0.013 mg/kg in both raw and pasteurized milk, while Cd averaged 0.032 mg/kg in raw milk and 0.027 mg/kg in pasteurized milk.

Key numbers

All concentration values below are reported by the paper in mg/kg.

• Raw milk, mean plus range: Fe 0.520 (0.346-0.785); Cu 0.742 (0.128-2.268); Mn 0.112 (0.033-0.298); Zn 0.151 (0.114-0.204); Pb 0.013 (0.005-0.020); Cd 0.032 (0.021-0.045); Cr 0.548 (0.116-0.942); As 0.053 (0.005-0.091).
• Pasteurized liquid milk, mean plus range: Fe 0.512 (0.315-0.711); Cu 0.807 (0.132-2.781); Mn 0.102 (0.031-0.235); Zn 0.148 (0.105-0.201); Pb 0.013 (0.007-0.020); Cd 0.027 (0.018-0.041); Cr 0.457 (0.108-0.834); As 0.043 (0.005-0.089).
• For the regulated toxic-metal subset, the source-reported means correspond to Pb 13 ug/kg in both milk forms, Cd 32 ug/kg in raw milk and 27 ug/kg in pasteurized milk, Cr 548 ug/kg in raw milk and 457 ug/kg in pasteurized milk, and total As 53 ug/kg in raw milk and 43 ug/kg in pasteurized milk.
• The paper also reports estimated daily intake and non-carcinogenic risk metrics; those are secondary to HMI occurrence routing and are not treated as benchmark concentrations.

Methods (brief)

Samples were digested and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and As. The paper reports separate descriptive statistics for raw cow milk and liquid pasteurized milk, allowing row-fit to stay in the native milk forms rather than mixing raw and processed samples. The arsenic result is total arsenic; no inorganic arsenic speciation is provided.

Implications

The source contributes Bangladesh-market cow milk occurrence data for lead, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic-total, plus nutritional metals. Because the matrices are explicitly raw cow milk and liquid pasteurized milk, this page should not be routed to infant formula or human milk despite the wishlist folder name. Values can support milk-and-dairy occurrence ranges, jurisdiction-specific context, and gap analysis for South Asian milk datasets.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• milk-and-dairy
• whole-milk
• milk-and-dairy
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• arsenic-total
• copper
• zinc
• manganese
• iron

Verification notes

• DOI, title, authors, journal, and year were taken from the PDF first page and article header, not the filename.
• Row fit is cow milk and liquid pasteurized milk. The source is not human milk and not infant formula.
• Arsenic is total As only. It must not be routed as inorganic arsenic.
• The raw and pasteurized matrices are reported separately in the paper and should remain separated during pooling unless a downstream milk category explicitly admits both forms.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.