Overview
This is a structural ingredient node for non-root vegetable puree inputs. Ingredient-level values belong here once parsed; finished-product values belong on Non-Root Vegetable Purees.
Heavy metal contamination profile
Per-analyte snapshot derived from the machine-readable contamination_profile in the frontmatter above. data gap indicates the literature has been reviewed for this commodity-analyte combination and no usable occurrence data was found (a finding, not a placeholder). The Key sources column shows the top 2-3 contributing sources by year and sample size, with numbered wikilink aliases.
| Analyte | Coverage | Typical (ppb) | Confidence | Key sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | n=2 | 0–3.11 | low | — |
| Cd | n=2 | 0.027–1.51 | low | — |
| iAs | data gap | — | — | — |
| tAs | n=2 | 0–5 | low | — |
| tHg | n=2 | 0–1.5 | low | — |
| Ni | data gap | — | — | — |
| Al | data gap | — | — | — |
| Cr | data gap | — | — | — |
| Sn | data gap | — | — | — |
| U | data gap | — | — | — |
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The "Used on this page for" column is populated by the orchestrator's POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | FDA 2022. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results, FDA Total Diet Study | 2022 | Government dataset | US-FDA Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg, Ni, Cr, U, Sb occurrence in 3276 prepared food, beverage and water composites across 307 TDS foods, FY2018-FY2020 US collections (n=3276) |
Why this commodity accumulates heavy metals
Non-root vegetable purees is the aggregate ingredient label for infant-and-toddler purees made from non-root-vegetable bases including squash and pumpkin, green beans, leafy greens (spinach, peas), cauliflower, broccoli, cucumber, zucchini, and similar fruit-vegetables and aerial vegetables. Non-root vegetables sit at lower per-mass Pb than root vegetables because they do not grow in direct soil-contact, but leafy non-root vegetables (spinach, kale, peas) can carry elevated Cd via the leafy-vegetable accumulation pathway documented on leafy-greens.
The FDA Closer to Zero baby-food Pb action level differentiates non-root vegetable purees (10 ppb Pb) from root vegetable purees (20 ppb Pb) — the tighter limit on non-root reflects the lower baseline plus consumer expectation of lower contamination. The HMTc panel concerns for non-root vegetable purees are Cd (notably in leafy-green-containing formulations like spinach puree, green-pea puree), trace Pb, and trace iAs. Routes into non-root-vegetable-purees (Cat 1 row for infant non-root-vegetable products).
Ranges by source, region, and variety
Variance within non-root vegetable purees tracks the source-vegetable mix (squash-only vs spinach-only vs mixed-vegetable formulations), source-region soil profile, and processing tier. Squash and butternut purees sit at the lower end of the non-root vegetable Pb/Cd range. Leafy-green purees (spinach, kale, pea) sit at the higher end, particularly for Cd.
Processing effects
Non-root-vegetable puree manufacturing involves washing, cooking, pureeing, and packaging. Washing reduces surface-deposited Pb. Cooking does not reduce internalized metals (Cd in leafy tissue). Pureeing concentrates per-mass metals slightly via water-content reduction. Sterilization (retort processing for jarred and pouched products) does not affect metals.
Ingredient-derivative risk
Non-root vegetable purees route into the Cat 1 row non-root-vegetable-purees product family. Derivatives include single-vegetable purees (squash puree, spinach puree, green-bean puree) and mixed-vegetable purees. Mixed-meals products containing non-root vegetables alongside grains, proteins, or other ingredients dilute the per-product metal load.
Mitigation options
Sourcing levers (Supply-chain screening) include source-vegetable origin specification; supplier-soil verification programs (particularly for leafy-vegetable suppliers); greenhouse-and-hydroponic production specification where the matrix permits; and contractual Pb/Cd ceiling on incoming non-root vegetables.
Agronomic levers (Agronomic mitigation) operate at the non-root-vegetable cultivation stage. Soil pH management; soil amendments; cultivar selection (low-Cd-accumulating spinach and pea cultivars are documented).
Processing levers (Processing mitigation) include washing optimization for surface-Pb removal; processing-equipment material specification.
Formulation levers (Formulation mitigation) include partial substitution of higher-Cd leafy-vegetable bases (spinach) with lower-Cd alternatives (squash, green beans) where the matrix permits; reducing the leafy-vegetable fraction in mixed-non-root-vegetable formulations.
Testing and QC levers (Testing and quality-control mitigation) include lot-level Pb, Cd testing on finished non-root-vegetable purees against FDA Closer to Zero 10 ppb Pb action level for non-root vegetable purees (FDA 2025).
Packaging and storage levers (Packaging and storage mitigation) include modern glass-jar, pouch, or aseptic-carton packaging.
Regulatory limits that apply
- eu-2023-915 — EU Reg. 2023/915 sets binding maximum levels for Pb and Cd in infant-and-young-child foods.
- FDA Closer to Zero baby-food Pb action level: 10 ppb for non-root vegetable purees (FDA 2025).
- Codex Alimentarius CXS 193-1995 (Codex 1995) sets infant-food category limits.
- California Prop 65 (california-prop65) Pb MADL applies to non-root-vegetable-puree products sold in California.
FDA TDS FY2018–FY2020 source observations
FDA measured the prepared foods named below. Each row describes that food and preparation, not every form of this ingredient. Values are µg/kg (ppb) on the FDA sample basis. ND means not detected; it is not a measured zero. Reporting limits can vary between composites. FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical Results
| FDA food and preparation | Analyte | Composites | Detected | Detected concentrations (ppb) | Reporting limits (ppb) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 219: BF, green beans | tAs | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 3 |
| 219: BF, green beans | Cd | 8 | 8 | 1–2.2 | 1 |
| 219: BF, green beans | Cr | 8 | 1 | 50 | 50 |
| 219: BF, green beans | Pb | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 4 |
| 219: BF, green beans | tHg | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 219: BF, green beans | Ni | 8 | 8 | 93–250 | 40 |
| 219: BF, green beans | U | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 223: BF, peas | tAs | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 3 |
| 223: BF, peas | Cd | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 223: BF, peas | Cr | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 50 |
| 223: BF, peas | Pb | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 4 |
| 223: BF, peas | tHg | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
| 223: BF, peas | Ni | 8 | 8 | 100–180 | 40 |
| 223: BF, peas | U | 8 | 0 | ND in all composites | 1 |
References
Works cited in this page’s text, in first-appearance order. See Sources for this page’s source inventory. Each title links to its source record, which carries the ingest receipt, the extracted values, and the file hash of the document it was built from.
- Action Levels for Lead in Processed Food Intended for Babies and Young Children: Guidance for IndustryGuidance
- General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Food and Feed (CXS 193-1995)Government
- FY2018-FY2020 TDS Elements Analytical ResultsDataset
Update history
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