Safwan et al. 2023 — Heavy metals in Jordanian instant soup and chicken stock powders

Safwan and Amayreh measured Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb in ten instant soup, chicken stock, and instant-noodle powder products purchased from Jordanian markets. The study used atomic absorption spectrometry after dry ashing and reports concentrations in mg/Kg or mg kg−1 depending on section typography. Because Table 2 names public products, this page reports grouped product-form ranges and source-reported overall ranges rather than pairing brand names with contamination values. Chromium is reported as total Cr only; the paper does not report Cr-VI.

Key numbers

Overall source-reported concentration ranges:

Product-form ranges from Table 2, with brand names suppressed:

Additional source-reported values:

• Sample count: 10 powder products purchased from local markets in Jordan in 2020.
• The paper reports WHO comparison values of 0.4, 1.3, 0.2, and 0.3 mg/Kg for Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb, respectively.
• The limit of detection values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 mg/kg for all analyzed elements.
• The field survey used an average adult soup-product consumption value of 100 g/day and a reference adult body weight of 50 kg for intake calculations.
• Table 3 reports weekly-intake and HRI values for Cd and Pb, but its title prints “Pd” instead of Pb. Reported HRI ranges are Cd 0.0041-0.111 and Pb 0.057-0.161; Table 3 also reports a Cd intake/HRI value for one mushroom-soup row where Table 2 reports Cd as ND, so Table 2 should control occurrence extraction.

Methods (brief)

The authors purchased ten soup powder products from local markets in Jordan in 2020 and weighed 5.0 g of each powder for analysis. Samples were oven-dried for 24 hours at 70-80 degrees C, ground, dry-ashed in a muffle furnace at 450-550 degrees C for 4 hours, dissolved in 2% HNO3, filtered through Whatman paper and a 0.2 µm syringe filter, and diluted to 100 mL. Samples 6-10, described as richer in oil and carbohydrate, were washed with diethyl ether before dry ashing. Mn, Cr, Cd, and Pb were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (TRACE AI1200) with element-specific hollow cathode lamps. The paper reports total Cr only and does not provide chromium speciation.

Implications

This source contributes Jordan-market occurrence evidence for Pb, Cd, total Cr, and Mn in stock/soup powder products and instant noodles. It is useful for broad routing to condiments and noodle/grain-product pages, but the mixed product set means product-form grouping should be preserved during later extraction. The brand firewall is important for this source because the original table identifies public products; category-level grouped ranges are the appropriate public wiki surface. The total Cr data should not be used as Cr-VI evidence.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• noodles
• spices
• chicken
• condiments-general
• pasta-wheat-based
• other-grain-products
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• manganese

Verification notes

• PDF text extracted with pdftotext -layout; the extracted text contained the title page, DOI, methods, Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, conclusion, and references.
• DOI verified from the PDF header and footer as 10.18697/ajfand.120.23125; DOI, raw-handle, and cite-key checks found no existing source page before creation.
• Table 2 concentration values were checked against the extracted text. Units are preserved as printed (mg/Kg, mg kg−1, and mg/kg in the LOD statement); no unit conversions were performed.
• Brand firewall: Table 2 names public products, but this page suppresses brand names and reports only grouped product-form ranges plus overall source-reported ranges.
• Speciation: chromium is total Cr only; the source does not report Cr-VI.
• Internal consistency: the discussion reports Cd as ND-0.0921 mg kg−1, while Table 2 prints a 0.0923 mg/Kg Cd value in one soup row. Table 3 also reports a Cd intake/HRI for one row where Table 2 reports Cd as ND. These conflicts are recorded and not reconciled by averaging.
• Frontmatter product and ingredient slugs were checked against docs/gpt-collaboration/taxonomy-snapshot.md; no new slug was invented.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.