Overview
This page is a scaffolded entry for HMTc Taxonomy v2.0 Category 3 (Grains, Cereals, and Rice Products), Row 3: Pasta (wheat-based). Studies for this row are still being read. Where a section is empty, the row has not yet accumulated contributing sources of the required kind.
Reading guide
Legal, regulatory and retailer teams can use the cited measurements, applicable limits and study limitations to assess the evidence for this category.
Quality teams can examine product form, measurement basis and sources of variation. Journalists and researchers can follow each reference to the original findings and methods.
Related tools and pages: heavymetalcertified.com · methodology
Evidence summary
Sources for this row will be listed here once they are catalogued.
Source Evidence Inventory
Sources for this row will be listed here once they are catalogued.
Supporting evidence and scope
Broader-scope sources for this row will be listed here when they are catalogued.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Regulatory limits for this row will be listed here once they are catalogued.
Controls and mitigation
Practical interventions to reduce heavy-metal load in this row, ordered by impact magnitude. Each lever names the magnitude of the effect with a cited source; cross-links to dedicated Mitigation pages where they exist.
- Sourcing levers — Not yet catalogued.
- Agronomic levers — Not yet catalogued. (See Agronomic mitigation for general agronomic mitigation context.)
- Processing levers — Not yet catalogued. (See Processing mitigation.)
- Formulation levers — Not yet catalogued. (See Formulation mitigation.)
- Testing and QC levers — Not yet catalogued. (See Testing and quality-control mitigation when published.)
- Packaging and storage levers — Not yet catalogued. (See Packaging and storage mitigation when published.)
How standards math uses this page
HMT&C certification thresholds for this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetalcertified.com, not on this page. The row-standard for this row is an aggregate computed from the contributing source pool in the row’s native finished-product basis; it is not a per-source decoration of any single value cited on this page. This public page reports literature evidence only.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Public regulatory events for this row, such as recalls and import alerts, will be listed here as they are catalogued.
Methodology
This page reports what the cited sources say about heavy-metal concentrations in pasta (wheat-based). Speciation is non-substitutable (iAs vs tAs, MeHg vs tHg, Cr-VI vs total Cr). Basis is preserved (finished-product as sold unless the source specifies otherwise; see each row for the basis label). Non-detect handling follows each source’s reporting convention. Pooling is avoided across LOD/LOQ, period, geography, and analytical-basis differences. HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetalcertified.com, not on this page; this public page reports literature evidence only.
The applicable regulatory jurisdictions for this row are: FDA, EU, Codex.
Sources
Sources for this row will be listed here once they are catalogued.
Sources
Source records associated with this topic. Inclusion does not establish that every finding applies to this product or ingredient. References above identify works cited in the text.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Masri et al. 2025. Assessing Dietary Consumption of Toxicant-Laden Foods and Beverages by Age and Ethnicity in California: Implications for Proposition 65, Nutrients | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | US Pb, Cd, tAs, MeHg occurrence in Cross-sectional online dietary survey (Qualtrics) administered between 1 March and 15 June 2023 to Southern California residents (adults… (n=186) |
| 2 | Salahel et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic heavy metals in commonly consumed foods in Egypt and their implications for public health and safety, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in Fifty-four food and beverage samples collected January-December 2022 from local markets in Qena Governorate, southern Egypt: beverages (n=20;… (n=54) |
| 3 | El et al. 2024. Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Instant Noodles from Local Markets in Benghazi, Libya, Sebha University Journal of Pure & Applied Sciences | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | LY Cd, Cr, Pb, tAs, Sn occurrence in Seven instant-noodle samples randomly collected from local markets in Benghazi, Libya. The source discusses imported noodle origins but… (n=7) |
| 4 | Jakkielska et al. 2023. Risk profiling of exposures to potentially toxic metals PTM(s) through noodles consumption. A case study of human health risk assessment, Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis Series E: Food Technology | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, iAs, tHg occurrence in Twenty commercially available 500 g noodle/pasta products collected from markets in Poland, covering wheat, durum wheat, corn-flour gluten-free,… (n=20) |
| 5 | Kongta et al. 2023. Assessment of Exposure to Aluminum through Consumption of Noodle Products, Foods | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | TH Al occurrence in Twenty samples each of rice stick noodles, egg noodles, wide rice noodles, and Thai rice noodles collected from… (n=80) |
| 6 | Safwan et al. 2023. Assessment and health risk study of some heavy metals in instant soup and chicken stock products from Jordanian market, African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | JO Mn, Cr, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ten soup powder, chicken-stock powder, and instant-noodle products purchased from local markets in Jordan in 2020. (n=10) |
| 7 | Mohammed et al. 2021. Evaluation of mycotoxins and heavy metals pollution in some types of noodles in local markets, Journal of Physics: Conference Series | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | IQ Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Ten types of noodles collected from markets in Salah Al-din Governorate, Iraq, with three replicates; the heavy-metal method… (n=10) |
| 8 | Gu et al. 2020. Arsenic Concentrations and Dietary Exposure in Rice-Based Infant Food in Australia, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(2):415 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | AU tAs, iAs occurrence in Thirty-nine rice-based infant food products purchased in Australia: rice milk powder (n=3), rice pasta (n=3), rice cereal (n=12),… (n=39) |
| 9 | Katyal et al. 2020. Analysis of lead, arsenic, and cadmium concentrations in instant noodles within the Canadian market, BCIT Environmental Public Health Journal | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CA Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Thirty packets of instant noodles from six brands available in large grocery stores in the Canadian market; dry… (n=30) |
| 10 | Mania et al. 2020. Assessment of exposure to nickel intake with selected cereal grains and cereal-based products, Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny (Annals of the National Institute of Hygiene) | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | PL/EU Ni occurrence in Polish market samples collected in 2019-2020: 5 cereal grains, 11 pasta samples, 13 flours, 12 groats, 10 flakes,… (n=56) |
| 11 | Wang et al. 2020. Contamination and health risk assessment of lead, arsenic, cadmium, and aluminum from a total diet study of Jilin Province, China, Food Science & Nutrition | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | CN Pb, tAs, Cd, Al occurrence in Jilin Province total-diet-study composites across 12 food groups and 48 product groups, with consumption inputs for 7700 residents… |
| 12 | Shamsani et al. 2019. Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, As) Content in Instant Noodles From Malaysian Market, Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, Vol. 15 Supp. 3 (Proceedings of the Summer Crash Course Programme 2018) | 2019 | Peer-reviewed | MY Pb, Cd, tAs occurrence in Seven commercially popular brands of instant noodles randomly purchased from the Malaysian retail market; noodles and accompanying seasoning/flavouring… (n=7) |
| 13 | Otitoju et al. 2018. Heavy Metal Quantification of Noodle Products Commonly Consumed in Nigeria, Journal of Home Economics Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | NG tAs, Cd, Cr, Pb, tHg occurrence in Eleven instant-noodle products sold in Nigerian markets, collected from a major market in Enugu State and anonymized in… (n=11) |
| 14 | Tajdar-oranj et al. 2018. The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | IR Pb, Cr, Cd, Al occurrence in 27 instant noodle samples drawn from four commercial brands sold on the Tehran market in Spring 2017: three… (n=27) |
| 15 | Charles et al. 2017. Health risk assessment of instant noodles commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Environmental Science and Pollution Research | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, tAs, Ni, tHg, Cu, Cd, Al, Cr occurrence in Six commercial instant-noodle brands commonly consumed in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, purchased from retail shops in Choba, Alakahia, Rumuosi,… (n=6) |
| 16 | Stahl et al. 2017. Migration of aluminum from food contact materials to food - a health risk for consumers? Part I of III: exposure to aluminum, release of aluminum, tolerable weekly intake (TWI), toxicological effects of aluminum, study design, and methods, Environmental Sciences Europe | 2017 | Peer-reviewed | DE/EU Al occurrence in Hessian State Laboratory aluminum results for 1,825 foodstuff samples across 30 product groups, plus Part I study-design context… (n=1825) |
| 17 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | GB Al, Sb, tAs, iAs, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Mn, tHg, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Sn, Tl, Zn occurrence in 3312 retail food samples from 24 UK locations, combined into 138 prepared-as-consumed food-category composites and 28 food-group composites (n=3312) |
| 18 | Iyabo et al. 2015. Toxic and Essential Metals in Staple Foods Commonly Consumed by Students in Ekiti State, South West, Nigeria, International Journal of Chemistry | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb occurrence in Thirty listed staple food items identified from a questionnaire of 200 volunteered Ekiti State University students and purchased… (n=30) |
Update history
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