Rehman and colleagues measured cadmium, lead, arsenic, cobalt, and mercury by atomic absorption spectroscopy in processed chicken products bought in Multan, Pakistan. This note copies only the chicken nugget rows. Shami, kabab, sausage, chunk, and wing rows are a different matrix.
Key numbers
The paper states that findings are mg/kg (ppm) on a wet weight basis. Table 1 (journal p. 37) prints mean concentrations for six coded nugget treatments. A per-row sample size is not printed. Arsenic is not labeled inorganic or total. Mercury is not labeled methylmercury. Nickel, aluminum, chromium, and tin were not measured.
| Treatment | Cadmium (mg/kg) | Lead (mg/kg) | Arsenic (mg/kg) | Mercury (mg/kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | 0.032 ± 0.0014 | 0.108 ± 0.004 | 0.238 ± 0.030 | 0.0049 ± 0.0003 |
| T2 | 0.052 ± 0.0032 | 0.062 ± 0.001 | 0.475 ± 0.032 | 0.0068 ± 0.0002 |
| T3 | 0.028 ± 0.001 | 0.071 ± 0.001 | 0.412 ± 0.041 | 0.0087 ± 0.0005 |
| T4 | 0.015 ± 0.002 | 0.081 ± 0.003 | 0.559 ± 0.014 | 0.0038 ± 0.0002 |
| T5 | 0.031 ± 0.0024 | 0.014 ± 0.002 | 0.528 ± 0.018 | 0.0027 ± 0.0003 |
| T6 | 0.047 ± 0.001 | 0.026 ± 0.001 | 0.334 ± 0.012 | 0.0098 ± 0.0004 |
The nugget prose prints the same spans: cadmium 0.015 to 0.052 mg/kg, lead between 0.014 and 0.108 mg/kg, arsenic 0.238 to 0.559 mg/kg, and mercury 0.0027 to 0.0098 mg/kg. Cobalt in the same nugget rows is 0.0119 to 0.032 mg/kg. ANOVA letters in the table are grouping marks and are not part of the magnitude.
Methods (brief)
Samples were digested with nitric and perchloric acids and measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Spiked recoveries on each ten samples were 93% to 106%. No numeric limit of detection is printed. Commercial names are coded T1 to T6.
Evidence fitness
These rows support a wet-weight nugget occurrence note for cadmium, lead, arsenic, mercury, and cobalt in one Pakistani retail set. They do not support a population typical value, a certification limit, inorganic arsenic, or methylmercury.
Limitations
The nugget n is not printed separately from the 108-sample frame. Arsenic and mercury are not speciated. Other product types in Table 1 are not nuggets.
Related evidence
Update history
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