Md. Samrat Mohay Menul Islam and colleagues measured physicochemical quality and seven metals in soybean oil, mustard oil, ghee, and hydrogenated vegetable cooking oil bought in four Bangladeshi cities. The paper is about edible use. It does not mention skin application or infant massage. It enters this collection as context because mustard oil is the traditional infant massage oil in parts of South Asia; that link is the collection’s, not the paper’s.
Key numbers
Table 2, ppm on a wet-weight basis (the paper states concentrations are wet weight). Cadmium was below detection in all 30 samples. No detection limit is printed.
| Group | n | Ni range | Pb detected / n | Pb detected values | Fe range | Cu range | Co range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mustard oil | 10 | 0.550-11.3 | 2 / 10 | 0.490 (M6), 0.73 (M10) | 0.270-26.9 | 0.020-4.18 | 0.100-7.26 |
| Soybean oil | 10 | 0.760-13.0 | 9 / 10 | 0.040-1.87 | 0.080-35.9 | 0.680-4.63 | 0.430-8.16 |
| Ghee | 5 | 0.740-7.64 | 3 / 5 | 0.050-0.640 | 0.810-12.7 | 0.310-1.85 | 0.190-4.84 |
| Dalda | 5 | 1.07-27.1 | 2 / 5 | 0.290-0.680 | 6.45-47.0 | 0.090-2.12 | 1.10-8.40 |
Mustard oil nickel averages 4.93 ppm across the ten samples, as the paper states and as the Table 2 cells reproduce. Manganese in mustard oil runs 0.120-1.69 ppm. Every cell is in the number ledger and the structured evidence file.
The prose gives the mustard oil nickel minimum as 0.540 where the table prints 0.550, attributes a maximum average nickel of 13.0 ppm to sample D4 when 13.0 is the mean of the five dalda rows and D4 is 27.1, and the abstract says lead was absent in over half the samples when Table 2 shows 14 of 30. Table values are used.
Methods (brief)
One gram of sample was digested with a nitric-perchloric acid mixture on a hot plate until colourless, diluted, and read by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The paper does not state replicates for the metal results, detection limits, or reference materials. Table 4 lists edible-oil standards the authors cite (Codex, Chinese GB/T 23347-2021, Spanish RD 308/1983, Bangladesh BDS 1979); none of those instruments is in this collection.
Evidence fitness
The paper supports metal concentrations in edible mustard and other oils on the Bangladeshi market. Any use for skin-applied oils is an extrapolation across product type and route that the paper does not make.
Limitations
Single determinations, no detection limits, edible products only. The Table 3 group labels for ghee and dalda are swapped relative to Table 2. The corresponding author is A.J.M. Morshed (ajmmorshed.bcsir@gmail.com).
Related evidence
Update history
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