OPEN ACCESS potential toxic levels of cyanide

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• morufuolalekan.raimi@gmail.com; and Morufu Olalekan Raimi 1,3*
• Department of Environmental Health, Kwara State University, Malete, Nigeria, 2 Department of
• Agriculture Extension and Rural Sociology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria, 3 Department of
• Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 7:1165501. current study examined the potentially harmful amounts of cyanide as well as
• are credited and that the original publication in examined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Lead (0.028–
• this journal is cited, in accordance with 0.053 mg/L), Cyanides (0.010–0.018 mg/L), Chromium (0.034–0.065 mg/L) and
• Arsenic (0.006–0.012 mg/L), were the results obtained. At conclusion, due to the
• white to yellow flesh distinguish the plant (Olalekan et al., 2018b). It is one of the most perishable
• Jacob et al. 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1165501
• tuber crops, with significant postharvest loss (Diasolua et al., 2003; factors. Understanding pollution trends and making pollution-
• Olalekan et al., 2018b). Cassava root is not a tuberous root, but rather remediation decisions require recognizing the sources of trace
• edible part of the fresh root, encompasses roughly 85% of the total pollutants remain introduced into the environment at several stages of
• environmental factors (Olalekan et al., 2018b). Cassava flour, generally small amounts of cyanide can be fatal. Cyanide is extremely dangerous;
• tissues fuel (Robert et al., 2000; Olalekan et al., 2018b) since it required for living creatures at small quantities. Heavy metals such as
• and Sabinus, 2017a; Suleiman et al., 2019; Raimi et al., 2019c, 2020a, mercury, cadmium, lead, nickel as well as arsenic remain potentially
• 2022a; Isah et al., 2020a,b; Morufu Olalekan et al., 2020a; Morufu, toxic at certain levels (Kaur and Gupta, 2009; Olalekan et al., 2022;
• 2021; Olalekan et al., 2021, 2022b; Hussain et al., 2021a,b; Morufu Raimi and Sawyerr, 2022; Raimi et al., 2022a,b; Stephen Olalekan et al.,
• et al., 2021a; Asiegbu et al., 2022; Oshatunberu et al., 2023). In urban 2023). Antimony (Sb), Arsenic (As), as well as selenium (Se) are
• (Raimi and Sabinus, 2017b; Olalekan et al., 2018b; Ogidi et al., 2021). organometallic complexes, salts, oxides, as well as ions dissolved in soil
• density as well as industries (Odipe et al., 2018; Premoboere and and soil (Alloway, 2012). Trace elements remain natural (geogenic) in
• Raimi, 2018; Raimi et al., 2018, 2020b, 2022a,b; Sawyerr et al., 2019; origin, as several rocks contain significant quantities of trace elements
• Deinkuro et al., 2021; Morufu Raimi et al., 2021b,e,f,g; Ifeanyichukwu that remain introduced into the milieu via anthropogenic or weathering
• et al., 2022; Olalekan et al., 2022; Raimi and Sawyerr, 2022; Stephen activity. Despite the fact that some heavy metals remain essential and
• Olalekan et al., 2023). Cyanide, a harmful pollutant, is found naturally beneficial, as excessive levels of these metals can induce morphological
• (Olalekan et al., 2018b). It enters the environment via volcanoes as well as mutagenic consequences in humans (Morufu and Clinton,
• well as nature biogenic procedures involving significant plants, algae, 2017; Raimi and Sabinus, 2017b; Olalekan et al., 2018a, 2020; Morufu
• bacteria, tobacco smoke, as well as industries discharges, waste water et al., 2021f). Furthermore, series of studies has shown that excessive
• products (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1997; which can lead to health snags like anemia, renal dysfunction, cancer,
• Williams et al., 2019; Raimi et al., 2019a; Morufu Olalekan et al., neurological problems, as well as hepatic damage, neuromuscular,
• 2019b; Ajibola et al., 2020; Olalekan et al., 2021; Morufu et al., 2021c,f; hematological, reproductive, renal, as well as central nervous systems
• Clinton-Ezekwe et al., 2022). Chemicals that act as environmental (Li et al., 2001; Afolabi and Morufu, 2021; Afolabi and Raimi, 2021;
• pollutants in soil as well as may provide dangers to human health and Morufu et al., 2021d,e,f; Olalekan et al., 2022; Raimi and Sawyerr, 2022;
• the milieu as a result of these include organic and inorganic substances. Raimi et al., 2022a,b). Several health problems have been linked to
• Figure 1 depicts a structured classification of a number of the most regular consumption of sub-lethal amounts of cyanogens, a few of
• variety of ways, comprising retention or moving to different Churel, 1993; Adindu et al., 2003; Nhassico et al., 2008; Olalekan et al.,
• environmental matrices, their impacts on biological systems are 2018b). In Nigeria, there have been isolated reports of an entire family
• dosage of cyanide as a result of faulty processing (Adindu et al., 2003;
• Olalekan et al., 2018b). As a result, optimal cassava processing practices
• Jacob et al. 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1165501
• According to IUPAC, systematic classification of the major pollutants in soil (Nič et al., 2009). Fluorinated, chlorinated, and brominated compounds are
• examples of halogenated compounds. Adapted from Swartjes (2011), Raimi et al. (2022c).
• 2. Description of the study area

Methods (brief)

• (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction visited to obtain samples of finely ground fermented cassava flour (Kishi, Igbeti,
• are credited and that the original publication in examined with an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Lead (0.028–
• Abbreviations: ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; AAS, are required, as well as ensuring that residual cyanide, arsenic, lead, as
• Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer; HCl, Hydrogen Chloride; IITA, International well as cadmium levels in cassava flour from carefully chosen markets
• Efforts were made in this study to investigate the potential harmful Southwest Nigeria. Stratified sampling was used to purchase samples
• commercial cassava products collected from selected township markets Iseyin, Igbeti, Kishi, Igboho, and Shaki. To prevent additional
• health risk that eating of cassava products can bring to the local samples were kept in airtight polyethylene bags that had been rinsed
• 4. Sample preparation
• Oke Ogun area is in Oyo State and can be found at Latitude samples for lead determination
• have land ideal for agricultural as well as allied purposes (Figure 2). sample was burned on an electric hot plate. The charred sample was
• agriculture. The climate of the area is favorable for crops cultivation vapors were produced and completely white ash was collected. The ash
• 3. Sample collection technique remained repeated for each sample as well as the
• consequential solutions were dispensed into sample bottles for Atomic
• Samples of finely ground fermented cassava flour were obtained Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) analysis for lead. The methods
• products are described by Awoyale et al., (2017). All the analyses were repeated for each sample. On the calibration graph, the absorbance of a
• done in duplicate. Extraction procedure of sample for cyanide blank solution containing 1 mL pure water and 4 mL alkaline picrate
• cadmium using atomic absorption throughout life because they are involved in the function of several
• The amount of arsenic, lead, and cadmium in the sample solutions Food and Nutrition Board, 2001). This is due to the fact that such

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

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Update history

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