The authors measured cadmium, lead, and arsenic in powdered instant noodles from Windhoek outlets. Table captions print mg/kg, dry wt., n=3. Parentheses are relative standard deviation, not standard deviation. This is dry noodle powder, not prepared soup. No recovery, certified reference material, or numeric limit of detection is printed. Cells printed as <0.05 or ND are not concentrations.
Key numbers
Period means (row X) from Tables 2 to 5, mg/kg dry weight:
Table 6 prints an overall mean (Xo) of cadmium 0.15 mg/kg, lead 0.4 mg/kg, and arsenic 3.0 mg/kg. The arsenic column of Table 6 (2.3, 3.8, 3.5, 2.3, Xo 3.0) does not match the period arsenic means above. The abstract prints an arsenic overall mean of 1.4 mg/kg. Both the abstract and Table 6 are printed. This note does not choose between them. Zinc and copper are in the same tables and are not copied here.
Methods (brief)
Powdered noodles were digested in aqua regia and measured by ICP-OES. The dry-weight label is the table caption.
Evidence fitness
The period means support a dry instant-noodle occurrence note if the arsenic conflict is kept visible. They do not support prepared soup or inorganic arsenic.
Limitations
No quality-assurance recovery is printed. Arsenic overall means disagree inside the paper. ND has no numeric detection limit.
Related evidence
Update history
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