is an urgent issue. 3-MCPD and GE are fat-soluble toxic substances that can

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• A. Kapustian1, Doctor of technical science, Professor
• N. Dotsenko1, PhD, Associate professor
• https://doi.org/10.15673/fst.v18i3.3067 K. Naumenko1, PhD, Associate professor
• L. Gural1, PhD, Associate professor
• V. Lysyuk 2, PhD, Associate professor
• Е-mail: antoninakapustan@gmail.com Abstract. Today, esters of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD-
• Gural L, Lysyuk V. Validation of a the process of deodorization of edible oils. As a rule, 3-MCPD and GE are
• Gural L., Lysyuk V. Validation of a all esters of glycidol and 3-MCPD decompose to just glycidol and 3-
• determination in vegetable oils // Food science the method ISO 18363-1:2015 “Animal and vegetable fats and oils –
• 89. https://doi.org/ 10.15673/fst.v18i3.3067 glycidol by GC/MS. Part 1: Method using fast alkaline transesterification
• and measurement for 3-MCPD and differential measurement for glycidol” on
• Copyright © 2015 by author and the an Agilent 8890B gas chromatograph under the conditions of Kotekna
• http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 study may contribute to the correct determination of the content of MCPDs
• Key words: 3-MCPD, hazards, detection, validation, standartisation,
• Esters of 2,3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3- products based on them (3-4).
• control methods is an urgent issue (1-4). During industrial fat processing, MCPDEs and
• products formed as a result of the acid hydrolysis of highest concentrations of 3-MCPDE and GE are
• they have carcinogenic, genotoxic, nephrotoxic and of refining conditions of palm and rapeseed oils on 3-
• formed during the deodorization of palm oil, but not more than 50 μg/kg (11-12).
• rapeseed oil. The level of 3-MCPD esters in the refined FDA is also working with industry to share
• palm oils (3.5–4.9 mg/kg) was independent of the information about the health effects of 3-MCPD and GE
• between the level of 3-MCPD esters formed and the cooking oils and infant formulas to help reduce levels of
• of glycidyl esters was affected by the deodorization guidance for industry to reduce 3-MCPD and GE in
• Higher levels of glycidyl esters (up to 3.8 mg/kg) were working group, the FDA helped develop a description of
• 230°C (2). processing measures that industry can use to reduce
• Glycidol esters are considered potential levels of 3-MCPD and GE in refined oils and foods
• Therefore, all these structurally different substances are propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD esters) and
• classified as one group of toxic pollutants. The LD50 related compounds in edible fats and oils three
• value for 3-MCPD varies according to different studies different strategies are conceivable: removal of critical
• from 170 μg/kg to 290 μg/kg. In rodent studies, 3- reactants from the raw material, changing of the
• MCPD caused adverse effects on the kidneys and male refining process or removal of formed 3-MCPD esters
• cause cancer(1). Bertrand Matthäus et al. have been shown that different
• The first reports on the toxicity of 3-MCPD raw materials have different capabilities to form 3-
• were published more than 20 years ago, and their MCPD esters and related compounds, whereas palm
• been reassessed and changed. New maximum ethanol (75%) reduced the capability for the formation
• permissible limits for their content are being of 3-MCPD esters and related compounds in palm oil
• amended Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards was defined that a content of 4% DAGs could be a
• maximum levels of 3-monochloropropanediol (3- threshold for a higher potential of the raw material for
• and oils. The acceptable daily intake of 3-MCPD is 2 strip steam during deodorization resulted in a reduction
• μg/kg body weight and has not been generally of the formation of glycidyl esters for about 35% (13).
• foodstuffs intended for infants and children under three methods that would produce repeatable results (1).
• 3-MCPD in vegetable protein hydrolysates and soy determined by making some modifications to the DGF

Methods (brief)

• performed by HPLC/MS/MS, but this method is difficult to use in practice
• journal Ukraine Limited LLC. It has been determined the limits of detection (LOD)
• “Food Science and Technology”. and quantification (LOQ) of MCPDs, proved the linearity of the method;
• fed exclusively with formula. This has led to a change chromatography and mass spectrometry is widely used.
• tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC- new procedure was fully validated. The limits of
• samples, with maximum value assigned for palm oil determining the content of 2-MCPDE, 3-MCPDE and
• and GE in commercial fatty acids (19). The sample 18363 enables the indirect determination of glycidyl
• (R2) >0.999. The attained limit of detection (LOD) was chloropropanediols (MCPDs) and glycidol by GC/MS.
• MCPDE and GE were lesser than the LOD of the the quantification of 3-MCPD induced glycidol during
• ISO 18363-1:2015 “Animal and vegetable fats and oils – automatic sample preparation system). The analytical
• detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of MCPDs; technological contaminants in foodstuffs” are presented
• extraction and bias coefficients; to calculate the a sunflower oil sample.
• The relative standard deviation RSD of the results of the analysis of the same sample,
• The relative standard deviation RSDR of the results of the analysis of the same sample,
• Table 2 – Metrological characteristics for sunflower oil samples (ISO 18363-1:2015).
• Indicators Sample А Sample В
• Average value of samples, X (mg/kg) 1.07 0.62
• samples with a content of 3-MCPD/2-MCPD/Glycidol analyze the input data for the presence of “outliers”.

Implications

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Verification notes

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Update history

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