Estimates of dietary exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) from light metal packaging using food

Overview

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Key numbers

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• chemistries that could release BPA were in the range of 0.00005–0.012 mg dm–2. The estimates of exposure to BPA using
• FACET for the total diet were 0.0098 (mean) and 0.0466 (97.5th percentile) mg/person/day, corresponding to 0.00013
• (mean) and 0.00059 (97.5th percentile) mg kg–1 body weight day–1 for consumers of foods packed in light metal packaging.
• to make food containers such as water bottles, table- infants and children (EFSA 2006) and found that
• Table 1. Information sources and the linking needed for estimating exposure.
• exposure at the level of the individual consumer. Table 1 food consumption data were from 2000.
• gives an overview of how the data were linked. Table 2 gives the individual food groups and the
• from Euromonitor. An accompanying paper (Oldring et al. number of cans for that foodstuff group. Also, in Table 2
• ging usage factors were from 2005, the food consumption bers have been used in all calculations, however. Table 2
• P.04.3 Frozen vegetables and P.0.4 Dried vegetables. there is either no (a roll on closure has a plastic wad on top
• tables, no sauces; P.04.2.2 Canned/preserved tomatoes; plastic liner on top of the coated metal) contact between
• In order to allocate material codes to the food groups, migration could be expected are listed in Table 3. Other
• a spreadsheet was prepared with the food group in the left- food groups not carried forward from Table 2 to Table 3
• Table 2. Number of light metal food packaging units sold per annum (2005) in the UK for each packed food type (extracted from
• Table 2. Continued .
• Table 2. Continued .
• Table 2. Continued .
• and crackers. Also not carried from Table 2 to Table 3 is lids), seven were in beverage cans, one was either in a
• groups can be derived and these were used as the basis for ratio gives higher concentrations in food. Table 4 gives the
• metal packaging component per food group. Table 3 gives can (food and beverage), can end (food and beverage),
• Table 3 (grand totals) it is clear that less than 10% of nificantly different, the highest surface area to weight ratio
• sure to BPA could arise, this 9.41% being 12 769 million million metal closures (jar and bottle tops) per annum for
• Table 3. Food items (millions of units per annum) considered as being packaged in coated metal which could contribute towards exposure to BPA and their market shares.
• Table 3. Continued .
• Table 4. Surface area to pack weight ratio of metal parts in contact with food (cm2 g–1).
• (the next highest number) was 0.142 cm2 g–1. Thus, the metal packaging are given in Table 6. Epoxy resins is a
• total area for that type of can. Table 4 shows that for cans ponents in the formulation to improve the properties of the
• for the body, another for the non-opening end and yet cally conducted in 10% (v/v) aqueous ethanol solution
• another for the easy open end, as well as another coating and/or 3% (w/v) acetic acid solution for 2 h at 100°C.
• Table 5, along with the split of easy open or classic ends between can-makers and coating suppliers and a range of
• country, hence the need to use Euromonitor data. Where for BPA used here are given in Table 6. Individual com-
• eric European splits as a guideline to fill any data gaps. As mum of 60% of the total markets for food can and food
• that not all the food groups in Table 5 are packaged in The same coatings that are supplied by the multinational
• ging, e.g. P.04.2.6 Pickled vegetables has total sales of makers, are also supplied to and used by the smaller can
• million are in glass jars and 2.3 million are in food cans sidered to represent over 80% of the European Union
• (100% three-piece). In the UK, some foodstuffs packaged market. Indeed CEPE, the European trade association for
• in light metal packaging are only supplied in jars/bottles coating suppliers, brings approximately 85% of this indus-
• with metal closures (e.g. P.12.1.08 Table sauces), whilst try together in its membership (CEPE 2013). There is
• Table 5. Market split of different food can types and food can ends only, along with the area for side seam and three-piece can bodies where a side seam would be used.
• Table 6. Coating categories used in the FACET project and their extraction values (mg dm–2) for BPA (1 mg dm–2 = 0.01
• (uncoated) cans. Coatings on cans, etc. for fish and meat Table 4 shows a simplified ratio of surface area to
• operations in the Far East, South Africa, etc. Therefore, it 3 μg dm–2 (or 0.003 mg dm–2). It can be seen in Table 6

Methods (brief)

• are specific uses for aerosols and tubes reported in the and whether they could contain BPA were collected by indus-
• how data were collected and combined. Whilst the packa- been rounded for clarity. The precise (unrounded) num-
• are not fully coated (e.g. for some tomato-based products then by HPLC with fluorescence detection in most cases,
• A, Oldring PKT. 2007. Guidance for exposure assessment of Smith G, Wardman O. 2005. Dietary exposure to chemical

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Infant Formula Powder
• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Root-Vegetable Purees
• teething-and-snacks
• Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Aluminum

Verification notes

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• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
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Update history

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