from Fish Markets in Sinop: Consumer’s Health Risk Assessment

Overview

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Key numbers

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well as from a wide range of European countries (1). Con- concentrations (9–11). Metals mix with biomolecules in the
absorb dissolved metals from their feeding meals and ambi- Plastic and glassware were washed and immersed in a 10%
muscle tissues of both wild and cultured European seabass, the certified reference material varied within 10%. The
The quantities of elements such as cadmium (Cd), mer- 0.07025, 0.7099, and 1.351 ppb, respectively. All analyses
Consumer’s Health Risk Assessment (Fig. 1). The mean (± Std Deviation) of Cd (0.015 ± 0.002),
Hg (0.025 ± 0.007), and Pb (0.042 ± 0.005) values (mg/kg
centration table (18–21). 16.87 ± 4.18 mg/kg wet wt. in European sea bass, respec-
Rf.D. values (29). In the present study, Al amounts ranged from
The Rf. D. is the oral reference dose of metal (mg/ 0.11 to 0.19 mg/kg wet wt. Al is the third most abundant
kg day. For As, the SFO value is given as well as the RFD pointed out that Al levels in foodstuffs can range from 0.1 to
value. The SFO value for As is 1.5E + 00 mg/kg day (22, 23). 20 mg/kg (30). In this study, Fe values were found between
Fig. 1 Toxic and essential elements in muscles of wild and cultured Dicentrarchus labrax (mg/kg wet wt.) from Sinop markets between Septem-
4 and 10 mg/kg wet wt. Council of Europe (30) pointed out like Cu, Fe, and Zn are nutritionally vital metals, but their
foods have Fe concentrations of up to 150 mg/kg and the sent at high amounts (31). These metals can be introduced
while As and Fe levels were recorded significantly higher In Table 1, the level of the metals in D. labrax deter-
ally low. The highest Cd value (3.09 mg/kg wet wt.) was the toxicological qualities of a material. Tolerable intake
markets (33). The Hg levels in Table 1 are remarkably consumption; it can be represented in either estimated daily
Paradeniz Lagoon in Mersin (36), and from fish farms in tions were reported as mg/kg body weight/daily or weekly.
Table 1 Comparison of measured metal amounts in D. labrax with values taken from the literature as ppm (LOD = limit of detections)
Table 2 Estimated daily and Metals Fish EDI EWI
Table 3 Target hazard quotients (THQs) and hazard index (HI) for intake of Cd, Hg, As, Al, Cu, Fe, and Zn, and the risk index (RI) for intake of
additives, JECFA issued a PTWI for Al of 1 mg/kg body wt.; 3. Bhuyan S, Islam S (2016) Present status of socio-economic condi-
both wild and cultured European sea bass. This means that Res 1(2):67–86
1. USEPA (2000) Risk-based concentration table. Philadelphia PA: 34. Çoban B, Balkıs N, Aksu A, Güray D, Tekinay A (2009) Heavy
1. Smith RL (1995) EPA region III risk-based concentration table. of Northern East Mediterranean. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol
env.nm.gov%2FLos%2520Alamos%2520National%2520Labs% cultured and wild fish. J Appl Ichthyol 24(5):589–594
mary table: November 2011. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/ organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea,
tables: May 2021. Retrieved October 17, 2021, from https://www. metals (Cd, Pb) and trace elements (Cu, Zn) in sediments and fish
Acceptable levels for chemical and microbiological contami- seas. Food Chem 113(1):233–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodc

Methods (brief)

in Sinop markets between September and December in 2020, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after
microwave digestion. In the study, iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), and copper (Cu) were found higher than the other
Keywords Heavy metals · Wild and culture · ICP-MS · Dicentrarchus labrax · Consumer health risk
quality meat in the seas of Turkey. Recently, its cultivation Collection of Fish Samples
Because the accumulation of pollutants in fish muscles prepare muscle tissues of the fish samples for analysis.
is widely accepted, the current study is concerned with Accredited laboratories employed ICP-MS (Agilent
metal concentrations in fish muscles as they are also the Technologies / 7700X ICP-MS Systems) to assess metals in
fish in contaminated areas. In this sense, we conduct health digestion system (Milestone SK10), and certified reference
as recommended by the Marine Strategy Framework Direc- limits of detection (LOD) for Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Al, Cu, Fe,
were highest in European seabass sampled from Darda- investigation, the EDIs and EWIs are estimated and shown
values were determined in wild and farmed fish sampled metal amounts in commercial fish species has gotten a
Table 1 Comparison of measured metal amounts in D. labrax with values taken from the literature as ppm (LOD = limit of detections)
Trabzon (from fish markets) Wet 3.09 - < LOD 0.29 - - 5.96 - (33)
epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables. of the Southeastern Aegean Sea (Turkey) by atomic absorption
Inc, London, pp 1–662 sea bream (Sparus aurata) analyzed by ICP-MS. Food Chem

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Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised