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Ozyazici et al. 2021 - metals in sunflower seeds from the Middle Black Sea Region

Ozyazici and coauthors measured heavy metals in 18 sunflower seed samples from six regions in Turkey’s Middle Black Sea Region. The source is directly routeable to sunflower seeds and provides range values for Cd, Pb, Ni, Al, and other metals. Units in the abstract are reported as ug/kg and should be checked against tables before conversion.

Key numbers

  • n=18 sunflower seed samples from six regions.
  • Cd ranged 0-0.06 ug/kg and Pb ranged 0-1.07 ug/kg.
  • Fe ranged 13.14-61.04 ug/kg, Zn 34.11-54.12 ug/kg, Cu 15.68-20.7 ug/kg, and Mn 12.72-20.20 ug/kg.
  • B ranged 4.82-10.33 ug/kg, Al 0-13.12 ug/kg, Ni 0.88-7.74 ug/kg, and Co 0.037-0.12 ug/kg.

Methods (brief)

The study used ICP-MS to determine heavy-metal concentrations in sunflower seeds.

Implications

Certification: Turkey sunflower-seed occurrence evidence with regional sampling. Courses: example of low reported Cd/Pb ranges and unit-verification need. App: supports sunflower-seed context after basis confirmation.

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Verification notes

Values are from the abstract. The ug/kg unit is unusually low for seed mineral measurements and should be checked against the original tables before aggregate use.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

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9658f6b2026-05-30codex sprint 2026-05-30 1055: post-ingest generated checks
f5efca82026-05-30ingest auto-fetched 2026-05-30 1010 batch 2: 7 source pages