Overview
Oyewole and Falodun bought seven unlabeled herbal alcoholic drinks in Ekiti State markets in May 2025 and tested ethanol, methanol, microbes, cytotoxicity and six metals by atomic absorption spectrometry. Table 4 gives one value per drink for cadmium, lead, chromium, zinc, nickel and copper. Chromium was highest (0.9746 ppm in UH7).
Key numbers
- Cadmium: 0.0043 ppm (UH4) and 0.0048 ppm (UH7), not detected in the other five (Table 4).
- Lead: 0.0011 ppm (UH4) and 0.0010 ppm (UH7), not detected in the other five (Table 4).
- Chromium 0.011 to 0.9746 ppm; zinc 0.187 to 2.3561 ppm (Table 4).
Methods (brief)
Nitric and perchloric acid wet digestion, then AAS calibrated with reference standards. No detection limits, replicate statistics or reference-material recoveries are reported. Table units are ppm, which the text treats as mg/L.
Evidence Fitness
Seven single samples from one state, with no stated detection limit or recovery data. The abstract says cadmium and lead were undetectable, but Table 4 prints low values in two drinks; the table values are recorded. These are herbal alcoholic preparations of unknown composition (ethanol 27.3 to 75.1% v/v), a proxy for whiskey only in the broad sense of a high-strength spirit drink, so the whiskey page is not linked. Results are per litre and are not comparable with mg/kg food values.
Related evidence
Update history
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