Noor et al. 2023 - Pb and Cd screening in Merapi Robusta coffee

Noor and coauthors compared Merapi Robusta coffee roasted by traditional, semi-modern, and modern methods at two roasting durations (20 and 25 min). The primary study focus is quality and sensory performance; the three best-scoring hedonic samples (sample 1: traditional 20 min; sample 3: semi-modern 20 min; sample 6: modern 25 min) were then tested by ICP-MS for Pb and Cd and by LC-MS/MS for ochratoxin A. All three samples were below the limits of detection for all three analytes.

Key numbers

Table 2 reports SNI 01-3542-2004 ground-coffee compliance values across the six roasting conditions:

Table 4 reports the metal contamination and ochratoxin screening on the three best hedonic samples (samples 1, 3, 6) with the analytical limits of detection:

The methods section states that Pb and Cd were tested by ICP-MS and ochratoxin A by LC-MS/MS.

Methods (brief)

The study used Grade A Merapi Robusta green coffee from the Tunggak Semi Farmers Group in Cangkringan, Sleman. Six roasting conditions were tested: traditional, semi-modern, and modern roasting for 20 and 25 minutes. Pb and Cd were measured by ICP-MS in selected top-performing samples; ochratoxin was measured by LC-MS/MS.

Implications

Certification: Three-sample left-censored occurrence evidence for ground Robusta coffee from one Indonesian origin (Sleman, Yogyakarta). Pb and Cd LODs (0.25 ppb and 0.5 ppb in mg/kg terms) are sufficiently sensitive that left-censored values would not bias a pooled occurrence percentile if treated as LOD/2 or zero in synthesis.

Courses: Useful for teaching that quality and sensory studies frequently contain contaminant screens, and that when LODs are reported a non-detect carries quantitative meaning (an upper bound).

App: Supports a low-confidence non-detect note for single-origin Indonesian Robusta only; insufficient on its own to anchor a contamination profile.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Coffee
• Coffee
• Lead
• Cadmium

Verification notes

The source is a conference proceeding (ICSARD 2022) and is assigned B-tier. Pb and Cd LODs are exposed in Table 4 (p. 324) and restated in Sections 3.5.1 and 3.5.2 (Pb LOD 0.00025 mg/kg, Cd LOD 0.0005 mg/kg, ochratoxin A LOD 1.01 mg/kg). Non-detects can be handled as left-censored values at these LODs in downstream synthesis. Only three of the six prepared samples (samples 1, 3, 6) were metals-tested; sample_n reflects the metals-tested N, not the sensory-panel N.

Page history

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