Noor et al. 2023 - Pb and Cd screening in Merapi Robusta coffee
Noor and coauthors compared Merapi Robusta coffee roasted by traditional, semi-modern, and modern methods. The primary study focus is quality and sensory performance, but the three best hedonic samples were tested for Pb, Cd, and ochratoxin. Pb was reported as not detected in Table 2; the abstract states that no lead, cadmium, or ochratoxin were found in the three best samples.
Key numbers
Table 2 reports SNI ground-coffee comparison values:
| Criterion | Reported result |
|---|---|
| Water | 0.13 +/- 0.02% to 0.29 +/- 0.01% w/w |
| Coffee extract | 30.70 +/- 0.15% to 36.59 +/- 0.02% w/w |
| Caffeine | 1.32 +/- 0.00% to 1.52 +/- 0.01% w/w |
| Pb | Not detected |
The abstract states that Pb, Cd, and ochratoxin were not found in the three best samples. The method section states that Pb and Cd were tested by ICP-MS.
Methods (brief)
The study used Grade A Merapi Robusta green coffee from the Tunggak Semi Farmers Group in Cangkringan, Sleman. Six roasting conditions were tested: traditional, semi-modern, and modern roasting for 20 and 25 minutes. Pb and Cd were measured by ICP-MS in selected top-performing samples; ochratoxin was measured by LC-MS/MS.
Implications
Certification: Limited coffee occurrence evidence because metals were tested only in the three best sensory samples and are reported as not detected without visible LOD/LOQ in the extracted text.
Courses: Useful for teaching why quality studies can contain contaminant screens, but why non-detects without LOD/LOQ are weak for standards math.
App: Can support a low-confidence coffee non-detect note only if synthesis accepts the method limitations.
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Verification notes
The source is a conference proceeding and is assigned B-tier. Because the extracted text does not expose the Pb/Cd LODs, the non-detect results should not be converted into numeric zeros.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 50ec0f0 | 2026-05-30 | ingest auto-fetched 2026-05-30 2145 batch 1: 10 source pages |