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Analysis of toxic element levels and health risks in different soybean species (Glycine max, Vigna radiata, Vigna angularis, Vigna mungo)

Jaudenes-Marrero et al.

Researched by
K. Pendergrass iD
Last updated: 2026-06-14
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Jaudenes-Marrero et al. 2024 - Toxic elements in soybean species

Jaudenes-Marrero and colleagues quantified toxic and potentially toxic elements in four edible bean species sold as soybean-type foods. This is direct a1 occurrence evidence with wet-weight concentrations in mg/kg and intake/risk characterization.

Key numbers

The study analyzed 90 samples across green (V. radiata), yellow (G. max), red (V. angularis), and black (V. mungo) beans.

Table 4 reports mean wet-weight concentrations by species. Green beans had the highest Al at 7.27 ± 4.51 mg/kg. Yellow soybeans had the highest Cd at 0.03 ± 0.01 mg/kg and boron at 13.5 ± 4.06 mg/kg. Red beans had the highest Ni at 7.21 ± 1.57 mg/kg and Co at 0.22 ± 0.10 mg/kg. Black beans had the highest Pb at 0.07 ± 0.009 mg/kg and Sr at 4.56 ± 1.03 mg/kg.

The paper notes that all measured species remained below the cited European maximum levels of 0.20 mg/kg for lead and 0.04 mg/kg for cadmium.

Table 5 shows origin-stratified means; Italian samples had the highest reported average Al (8.59 ± 2.68 mg/kg), while Australian samples recorded <LOD for Cd.

Methods (brief)

Samples were purchased in Spain and Italy, dry-ashed, acid-digested, and quantified by ICP-OES. The paper measured eleven elements and paired occurrence data with estimated daily intake and risk-characterization calculations based on a soybean consumption scenario of 50 g/day.

Implications

Certification: Direct occurrence evidence for soy products and closely related edible legumes. Preserve the paper’s wet-weight basis.

Courses: Useful for explaining that soy-type legumes can differ materially by species, with yellow beans driving cadmium and green beans driving aluminum in this dataset.

App: Eligible for soybean and legume occurrence context after synthesis.

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Verification notes

Recovered from the corpus-rescreen queue under the 2026-06-10 inclusion-by-default rule. The source is direct edible-bean occurrence evidence, not merely background toxicology.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

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