Determination of Heavy Metal Residue in Backyard Chicken at Various Regions in Sulaymaniyah Province

Overview

Faraj, Khidhir, and Zahir measured cadmium, copper, and lead in backyard chicken breast and liver samples from four regions of Sulaymaniyah Province, Iraq. The paper reports tissue means as mg/kg (mean ±SD) after drying, microwave digestion, and ICP-OES analysis. The downloaded filename says “Turkey”, but the extracted article is the Iraq backyard-chicken study identified by DOI 10.25130/tjas.23.3.15.

Key numbers

• Sample frame: Sixty (60) backyard chickens were collected from Bazyan, Dukan, Mergapan, and Tanjaro (15 chickens per region); the authors report 60 liver tissues and 60 breast muscle tissues.
• Table 1, backyard chicken liver from Bazyan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): cadmium (Cd) 0.266 ±0.071, Cu 6.701 ±0.326, lead (Pb) 0.729 ±0.269.
• Table 1, backyard chicken liver from Dukan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.355 ±0.06, Cu 11.541 ±0.476, Pb 0.158 ±0.014.
• Table 1, backyard chicken liver from Mergapan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.227 ±0.02, Cu 11.372 ±1.208, Pb 0.091 ±0.023.
• Table 1, backyard chicken liver from Tanjaro (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.132 ±0.019, Cu 5.755 ±0.453, Pb 0.147 ±0.021.
• Table 2, backyard chicken breast from Bazyan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.011±0.003, Cu 3.832±0.748, Pb 0.082±0.056.
• Table 2, backyard chicken breast from Dukan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.020±0.001, Cu 2.397±0.325, Pb 0.118±0.034.
• Table 2, backyard chicken breast from Mergapan (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.022±0.002, Cu 2.928±0.987, Pb 0.022±0.009.
• Table 2, backyard chicken breast from Tanjaro (mg/kg, mean ±SD): Cd 0.015±0.002, Cu 1.683±0.286, Pb 0.149±0.029.
• Figures 2-4 report combined “breast and liver together” regional values that equal the tissue-table sums rather than independent tissue means: Cd Bazyan 0.278, Dukan 0.375, Mergapan 0.248, Tanjaro 0.147; Cu Bazyan 10.533, Dukan 13.939, Mergapan 14.301, Tanjaro 7.438; Pb Bazyan 0.811, Dukan 0.276, Mergapan 0.113, Tanjaro 0.296.

Methods (brief)

The authors collected backyard chickens from four sub-regions, transported them to the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences higher education research laboratory, and isolated breast and liver tissues after dissection. Tissue samples were cut, homogenized with a stainless-steel knife, dried at 105°C for 12 hours or to constant weight, ground to powder, and digested by microwave digestion: One (1) g dried homogenized sample plus Eight (8) mL of 69% nitric acid (HNO3) and 1 mL of 30% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in PTFE vessels. Digests were filtered if needed through Whatman No. 40, diluted to 50 mL, stored at 25 oC for 24 hr., and analyzed for Cd, Cu, and Pb using iCAP 7600 Dual ICP-OES.

Related evidence

• Cadmium
• Copper
• Lead
• Chicken
• Poultry
• Meat and poultry
• Organ Meats (Kidney and Liver)
• Poultry (chicken, turkey, duck)

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git.