Fagbemi et al. 2023 - Lead and minerals in street-hawked foods from Akure, Nigeria
This paper measured Pb alongside Ca, Cu, Fe, and Zn in seven street-hawked foods from Akure Metropolis. The routeable heavy-metal finding is Pb in prepared foods and ready-to-eat street foods, ranging from 0.05 +/- 0.01 to 0.30 +/- 0.01 mg/100 g. The source also contains microbiology results, but those are context rather than HMTc occurrence evidence.
Key numbers
Table 1 reports mineral composition in mg/100 g:
| Code | Food matrix | Cu | Fe | Pb | Zn |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Zobo drink | 1.12 +/- 0.01 | 0.26 +/- 0.01 | 0.05 +/- 0.01 | 2.33 +/- 0.01 |
| B | Cooked rice with stew | 1.09 +/- 0.01 | 0.28 +/- 0.01 | 0.07 +/- 0.01 | 1.64 +/- 0.01 |
| C | African star apple | 1.05 +/- 0.01 | 0.20 +/- 0.01 | 0.10 +/- 0.01 | 1.40 +/- 0.01 |
| D | Meat pie | 1.16 +/- 0.01 | 0.31 +/- 0.01 | 0.05 +/- 0.01 | 2.03 +/- 0.01 |
| E | Cucumber | 0.75 +/- 0.03 | 0.26 +/- 0.02 | 0.30 +/- 0.01 | 2.16 +/- 0.01 |
| F | White pap | 0.84 +/- 0.01 | 0.19 +/- 0.01 | 0.05 +/- 0.01 | 1.95 +/- 0.01 |
| G | Smoked fish | 1.03 +/- 0.01 | 0.21 +/- 0.01 | 0.07 +/- 0.01 | 1.75 +/- 0.02 |
The abstract summarizes overall ranges as Ca 24.50-32.00 mg/100 g, Cu 0.75-1.12 mg/100 g, Pb 0.05-0.30 mg/100 g, Fe 0.19-0.31 mg/100 g, and Zn 1.40-2.33 mg/100 g.
Methods (brief)
The study purchased selected street foods in Akure, prepared ash/digests for metal analysis, and measured metals by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Microbial counts and isolation were conducted separately for food-safety context.
Implications
The paper supports Nigeria-market occurrence context for Pb in ready-to-eat street foods and mixed prepared foods. It is not a utensil-contact study despite the auto-fetch filename; route it to food matrices, not cookware.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- mixed-meals-rice-containing
- mixed-meals-prepared-foods
- fresh-fish
- fresh-fruit
- category-5-beverages
- lead
Verification notes
The methods text lists some additional candidate foods, but Table 1 and the abstract map seven sample codes to seven foods. The table is the routeable source of numeric concentration data.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 4039d20 | 2026-06-10 | scope: broaden ingest to the full upstream+downstream literature (marine, atmospheric, attribution, exposure, toxicology) — inclusion is the default |