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The estimated daily manganese intake of Korean children aged 11-12

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This study estimated manganese intake for 257 Seoul schoolchildren from three-day dietary records and a Korean food manganese database. Average intake was a little above the Korean adequate intake and no child exceeded the tolerable upper intake level. Cereals supplied about half of intake, and milled rice alone about two fifths.

Key numbers

  • Korean dietary reference values as stated by the paper: adequate intake for ages 12 to 14 of 4.0 mg/day for boys and 3.5 mg/day for girls; tolerable upper intake level 7.0 mg/day for both sexes in this age range (Introduction, pp. 548 to 549).
  • Mean daily manganese intake: 4295.4 ± 1236.7 µg overall (n = 257), 4585.3 ± 1471.1 µg in boys (n = 123), 4029.3 ± 899.7 µg in girls (n = 134); p < 0.0001 (Table 2, p. 549).
  • Intake per energy: 2011.3 ± 458.5 µg/1000 kcal overall; percent of adequate intake 117.3 ± 32.8%; 100% of children at or below the upper level (Table 2, p. 549).
  • Food-group shares of intake: cereals 2181.3 µg/day (50.8%), vegetables 901.8 µg/day (21.0%), seasonings 381.6 µg/day (8.9%), pulses 330.2 µg/day (7.7%) (Table 3, p. 550).
  • Leading single foods: milled rice 1707.3 µg/day (39.8% of intake), soybean curd 274.4 µg/day (6.4%), Chinese cabbage kimchi 253.0 µg/day (5.9%), black rice 127.7 µg/day (3.0%) (Table 4, p. 550).

Methods (brief)

Children kept a non-consecutive three-day food record including one weekend day or holiday in July and August 2008. Intakes were computed with CAN-Pro 3.0, a published database of manganese in 366 common Korean foods, and the national food composition table. No food or biological samples were analyzed.

Evidence fitness

The paper supports a population-level estimate of dietary manganese intake for Korean early adolescents, the food groups that supply it, and the Korean adequate intake and upper level values as the authors report them. It does not measure manganese in foods, blood or other tissues.

Limitations

Records cover only summer months, so seasonal variation is not captured. The authors note that energy intake was higher than national survey values for similar ages, so manganese intake may be overestimated. The sample is from one city.

Update history

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