Overview
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Key numbers
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- sector primarily uses dyes, consuming over 80% of the total harmful effects. As a specic example, excessive lead (Pb)
- Morelos 62209, Mexico. E-mail: vagarwal@uaem.mx hard to remove from vegetables, even aer being washed, and
- community, where humanity was aware of its surroundings.23 In compatibility, making them suitable for the synthesis of CDs
- releases 35% higher oxygen gas as compared to the deciduous carbon. This procedure offers advantages such as simplicity,
- dimensional information at the nanometric scale.49 and surface functional groups.3,46,48,50 Meanwhile, PL provides
- small organic matter. This is achieved through a number of in Table 1. The synthesis parameters and some resulting char-
- Table 1 Optimized synthesis conditions and results obtained from various characterisation studies in plant (from IKS)-based biomass. The functional groups and chemicals present have been
- 5.2 Surface states highlighted in Table 2. The table incorporates various IKS based
- COOH, –NH2, C)O, C)N, –OH, etc.). These groups bring in are quantum yield (QY), linear concentration range (LCR), and
- 50.1%. The 77.1% of the adsorbent’s efficiency was restored with satisfactory results.74 As another example, nitrogen doped
- tivity, selectivity and high precision, but also displayed built-in ieved 79% degradation efficiency of the dye using N-CDs (at pH
- correction of external effects.89 12) in 18 minutes as compared to 48% (210 min) with NaBH4
- Table 2 Plant biomass used as precursors for optical sensing of heavy metal ions and organic pollutantsa
- 02 Giloy stem/N, S 520 nm (430 nm)/7.2% Nitrophenol and dye: (i) (i) Fluorometric (i) 3-NP, 4-NP, 2-NP, (i) 4-NP (a) for tap water: (i) 4-NP (a) for tap water:
- doping28,46 4-NP; (ii) CR quenching: IFE; LOD: phenol, 1-naphthol, P- —/94.67 to 103.45% (b) #3.96% (n = 3) (b) for
- quenching: IFE; Cd(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), —/95.61 to 99.34% (b) #4.92 (b) for pond
- techniques; LOD: 62 molecules (MB, aniline,
- 05 Neem leaves + —/2% Heavy metal ion: Ag(I) Fluorometric Ag(I), Ni(II), Cu(II), Co(II), — —
- cysteine. LOD: 0.033– only Ag(I) allows for the
- 06 Jamun leaves4,65 (O & N 460 nm (330 nm)/15.9% Heavy metal ion: Fe(III) Fluorometric Fe(III), Na(I), Mg(II), K(I), —/88 to 106.5% 0.649 to 1.272%
- groups derived from quenching LOD: 0.13 Pb(II), Ca(II), Mn(II),
- 07 Jamun fruit66 438 nm (350 nm)/5.9% Heavy metal ion: Fe(III) Fluorometric Fe(III), Mg(II), K(I),Ca(II), —/94.0 to 107.3% 0.03 to 1.63%
- absorbance LOD: 0.001 Co(II), Pb(II), Zn(II),
- 08 Pinewood32,67 447 nm (330 nm)/4.69% Heavy metal ion: Fe(III) Fluorometric LOD: Fe(III), K(I), Cd(II), Fe(II), — —
- 09 Pine needles/natural C 400 nm (320 nm)/7.65% Heavy metal ion and Dual-mode: (i) Fe(III), Cd(II), Na(I), (i) For Fe –/98.66 to (i) # 1.78%.
- & N source47 food additives: (i) Fe(III) uorometric and UV-Vis Mg(II), Ba(II), Ni(II), 102.46%
- LCR: 0.1–540 mM; (ii) L-cysteine (cys), glucose 102.00%
- 10 Pinecones (PC) and PCCD: 430 nm (360 Antibiotics: (i) Fluorometric Amoxicillin (AMX), (i)TC —/96.12 to (i) TC <2%
- pine bark5 (PB) nm)/11.3% tetracycline (TC) (ii) quenching: IFE (TC); tetracycline (TC), Zn(II), 102.74%
- PBCD: 430 nm (345 amoxicillin (AMX) SQ(AMX); (a) LOD for Fe(III), Cd(II), Fe(II), (ii) AMX —/98.72 to (ii) AMX <1%
- nm)/5.64% TC 0.062 mM for PCCDs Hg(II), Ni(II), 100.84%
- 13 Lotus root35,69/nitrogen 435 nm (360 nm)/19% Heavy metal ion: Hg(II) Fluorometric Hg(II), Mg(II) Cd(II), —/90.0 to 98.5% —
- content of 5.23% quenching; SQ/PET; Cu(II), Pb(II), Sr(II),
- LOD: 18.7 nM; LCR: 0.1 Fe(III), Ca(II), Al(III),
- 15 Tulsi leaves72 500 nm (450 nm)/9.3% Heavy metal ion: Pb(II) Fluorometric Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), — —
- 17 Tulsi leaves74 435 nm (360 nm)/3.06% Heavy metal ion: Cr(VI) Fluorometric Cr(VI), I−, NO3−, —/93 to 99%
- LOD: 4.5 ppb; LCR: 1.6– Cl−, F−, SO4−, CN−,
- 18 Lily jasmine (aq. NH3 Heavy metal ion: Cr(VI) UV-Vis Cr(VI), Hg(II), Co(II), (i) —/100.01 to 100.2%
- (i) (CDs-MnO2) method (i) for (CDs- NO3−, SO42− (ii) —/99.9 to 100.01%
- (ii) (NCDs-MnO2) MnO2), LOD: 16 mM
- (NCDs-MnO2) LOD: 69
- fruit)77,78/aq. ammonia efficiency −79% (18
Methods (brief)
- coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS),17 atomic absorp- to their less toxicity, and being economically viable as well as
- tion spectroscopy (AAS),18 SERS and ion-selective electrodes.19 environmentally sustainable.
- digestion, boost (lifetime) –OH, COOH, COSH
- powder98,99 antiseptic, disinfectant, davonoids, amino C for 24 h vibrating sample C–H, –COOH
- digestion, skin protein Vis absorption, PL
- energy levels (uorophores) within the energy gap which act as limit of detection (LOD), which demonstrate the overall effi-
- different functional groups eliminates various non-radiative tion observed in the presence of real samples have also been
- adsorption capacity of 735.2 mg g−1 and removal efficiency of were used to sense Cr(VI) in real water samples (industrial water)
- Hg(II), under ideal and real (river water) samples. The authors O & N based groups (CDs) and the phenolic group of analytes
- concentration, in articial water samples. This indicated cate- & holes, thus diminishing the uorescence.
- doping28,46 4-NP; (ii) CR quenching: IFE; LOD: phenol, 1-naphthol, P- —/94.67 to 103.45% (b) #3.96% (n = 3) (b) for
- techniques; LOD: 62 molecules (MB, aniline,
- cysteine. LOD: 0.033– only Ag(I) allows for the
- groups derived from quenching LOD: 0.13 Pb(II), Ca(II), Mn(II),
- absorbance LOD: 0.001 Co(II), Pb(II), Zn(II),
- 08 Pinewood32,67 447 nm (330 nm)/4.69% Heavy metal ion: Fe(III) Fluorometric LOD: Fe(III), K(I), Cd(II), Fe(II), — —
- LOD-0.04 mM (UV-Vis K(I), Co(II), Ca(II), Zn(II),
- folic acid LOD-0.04 mM (glu), dopamine (DA),
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
- Root-Vegetable Purees
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
- Mercury
- Lead
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Update history
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