Mercury-Induced Oxidative Stress and

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• tion. In short, 120 µL of aqueous sodium acetate solution, 80 µL of 2% AlCl3 solution,
• The mobile phases consisted of (A) 0.1% formic acid in water, and (B) 0.1% formic
• 70.0 min, 5.0% B. The flow rate was set at 0.7 mL/min, and the column temperature at
• Perrone et al. (12). After centrifuging RBCs (35% hematocrit) at 1200× g for 5 min, a 100 µL
• RBC at 40% hematocrit was lysed. Cell membranes were then extracted from the lysates
• resuspended in isotonic solution. RBCs were suspended at 20% hematocrit. After adding
• 10% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a 1.5 mL aliquot of RBC solution, it was centrifuged
• of 1% TBA solution (made in hot distilled water) was added to the supernatant. Using a
• deducting 20% of the absorbance at 453 nm from the absorbance at 532 nm. Results are
• with 250 µL of intact RBCs at 10% hematocrit for 15 min at 37 ◦ C. Following incubation, the
• solution (20 mg DTNB dissolved in 100 mL of water having 1% sodium citrate) was added.
• RBCs (hematocrit 0.4%) were suspended in 500 µL of 1× binding buffer with 1.5 µL
• Data evaluations were expressed as the means ± S.D. of 3 independent experiments
• As reported in Table 1, the total polyphenol content in Pien. extracts showed an
• increase of approximately 15% compared to Picc. samples. With regard to ortho-diphenol
• content, an increase of approximately 50% was observed in Pien. samples. Finally, the
• retention time range. In particular, p-coumaric acid (Rt ≈ 27.95 min) and rutin (Rt ≈
• and rutin (Rt ≈ 33.33 min), a peak attributable to chlorogenic acid (Rt ≈ 23.10 min) is also
• and rutin show mean concentrations of 1.40 mg/mL and 1.20 mg/mL, respectively,
• with HgCl2 and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3).
• with HgCl2 and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3).
• reduction slightly exceeding 30% was observed following treatment with both Picc. and
• approximately 20% at 60 min. Treatment with HgCl2 20 µM induced a significantly greater
• with HgCl2 and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3).
• with HgCl2 and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3).
• approximately 35–40% at 60 min. At 3 µg CAEq/mL, a further reduction was observed,
• with ROS values at 60 min around 30–35%. At 6 µg CAEq/mL, the decrease was more
• GSH compared to untreated controls, with a reduction exceeding 50% of physiological
• levels were restored to approximately 90% of basal values in both Picc. and Pien.-treated
• and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3). Statistical
• Data show that under basal conditions, control RBCs exhibited low PS exposure (~12–15%).
• mately 75%, indicating a strong toxic effect. Pretreatment with Picc. extract significantly
• image of flow cytometry data. (B) Histogram of the median data. Cells were treated with HgCl2
• and increasing concentrations of Picc. and Pien extracts. Data are the means ± SD (n = 3). Statistical
• 4. Liccardo, M.; Perrone, P.; Perrella, S.; Sirangelo, I.; D’Angelo, S.; Iannuzzi, C. Annurca Apple By-Products at Different Ripening

Methods (brief)

• tho-diphenols compared with Piccadilly samples. Despite these differences, both extracts
• A Tefal Rondo 500 homogenizer was used to homogenize 40 g of tomato samples using
• and 80 µL of the sample extract were combined. The absorbance at 440 nm was measured
• three solutions were added to the samples (400 µL) in the following order: solution A
• sample’s absorbance at 500 nm and comparing it to a reference curve of prepared catechin
• 2.4. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
• The ABNOKA1622 assay kit was used to determine the tomato extract samples’ total
• short, 100 µL of the working solution, and 20 µL of tomato extract samples were combined
• In short, 200 µL of working solution and 50 µL of tomato extract samples were combined
• where Rsample is the absorbance of samples, and Rblank is the absorbance of blank.
• sample was hemolyzed in 1 mL of distilled water. One mL of phosphate-buffered saline
• (PBS, pH 7.4) containing 1 mg of EDTA was mixed with 50 µL of the hemolysate. Samples
• nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) was added to initiate the reaction. In parallel, control samples
• In 1975 µL of hypotonic buffer (2.5 mM NaH2 PO4 , pH 7.4, at 4 ◦ C), a 25 µL sample of
• danha et al. (27). Following incubation, samples were centrifuged (1200× g, 5 min) and
• remove the precipitated proteins, the samples were centrifuged at 18,000× g for 10 min after
• increase of approximately 15% compared to Picc. samples. With regard to ortho-diphenol
• content, an increase of approximately 50% was observed in Pien. samples. Finally, the

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
• Mercury
• Cadmium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.