Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- at University Canteens by the physicochemical properties (65%) and Hydrogen Peroxide 30% (2:1 ratio) was used for
- of Cu, Ni and Fe of 1000 mg/L were prepared by dilution of
- accumulation in snacks. This study correctly weighed p<0.050* Statically Signi cant (‘a indicates mean values and ‘b’
- concentrated HNO₃ (65%) and H₂O₂ (30%) (2:1, v/v; increased (p-value<0.050) in their content after frying oil
- incubated for 10 min at room temperature, and heated at 80 oils after frying (p-value>0.050) (Table 2).
- °C until clear. Reagent blanks were run to validate digestion Table 2: Determination of Metals in (BFO) and (AFO) Samples
- allowed to dissolve in 10 ml 0.2 M HNO3, and it was then (mg/L)
- Questionnaire responses revealed some consumers p<0.005* Statically Signi cant (’ a indicates mean values and ‘b’
- oil samples from different canteens of Sindh University statistically signi cant with p-value<0.050 (Table 3).
- were subjected to physicochemical analysis. PH and Table 3: Metal Concentration in Blood Samples
- (n=30) (n=30) Metals (mg/L)
- signi cant with a p value<0.050 (Table 1). 1.2-1.9b 2.9-3.7b
- Table 1: Determination of Physical and Chemical Properties in 690 ± 17a, 900 ± 105a,
- p<0.050* Statically Signi cant (’ a indicates mean values and ‘b’
- Samosas Pakoras level of Fe was found to be 690-900 mg/L in the blood of
- Figure 1: Ash Content (%) of Samosas and Pakoras from Different students studying at Sindh University, Jamshoro. Our
- found in normal ranges in both types of snacks (Table 4). (26). This increased metal content is very harmful to our
- p<0.050* Statically Signi cant. (‘a indicates mean values and ‘b’
- (3) Yulia C, Nikmawati EE, Widiaty I. Preliminary Study in of Crude Oil Extracts from Three Vegetable Seeds.
-
- Imran M et al. Legumes and Leafy Vegetables Based
Methods (brief)
- How to Cite: samples, including Before Frying Oil (BFO) and After Frying Oil (AFO), as well as snack samples
- Qamar, R., Shah, A. M., Kazi, T. G., Khanzada, B., & (samosa and pakora), were collected from the canteens of Sindh University, Jamshoro,
- Memon, F. N. (2025). Physico-chemical Analysis and Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from students studying at the main campus of Sindh
- Metallic Contamination of Reused Oil and Savory University, Jamshoro, and control samples were also collected from individuals of the same age
- chemical Analysis and Metallic Contamination of were analyzed from oil, blood and snacks samples by atomic absorption spectrometry. Results:
- Reused Oil. Futuristic Biotechnology, 5(2), 46-51. Metals like Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr increased along with Zn decreased in AFO samples whereas all
- *Corresponding Author: Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Cr decreased in Samosa and Zn increased in Savory samples. Conclusions: Used
- Moreover, the same oil is used many times by food vendors enhance the detection of meaningful differences. Samples
- during the preparation of savory snacks (5). These savory were collected using purposive sampling. Twenty- ve
- snacks are prepared in contaminated utensils, without paired oil samples (before and after fr ying) and
- poor sanitation, improper hygiene, improper cookware, corresponding samosa and pakora samples were obtained
- diseases; unhealthy eating habits lead to uncontrolled oil were excluded. Blood samples were taken from 30
- from fatty acid hydro-peroxides (9, 10). samples (BFO/AFO) and independent t-tests for consumer
- Despite the widespread consumption of deep-fried snacks vs. non-consumer blood samples. Questionnaire data were
- samples. Metals were analyzed in 25 cooking oil samples statistics, while metal concentration data were compared
- (before and after frying), samosa and pakora samples using independent t-tests with p<0.05 considered
- collected from university canteens, and in blood serum signi cant.” Ultrapure water (Bucks, UK), Nitric acid (Merck,
- and metals analysis. CDM (Conventional digestion method). Standard solutions
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Root-Vegetable Purees
- teething-and-snacks
- Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
- Mercury
- Cadmium
- Lead
- Nickel
- Chromium
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.