Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- purchased had an average concentration of 39 mg/kg benzophenone, ranging from 6 mg/kg to
- 186 mg/kg. Benzophenone was not detectable in the product that did not contain octocrylene.
- containing products had an average concentration of 75 mg/kg, ranging from 9.8 mg/kg to 435
- generates benzophenone through a retro-aldol condensation. In vivo, up to 70% of the
- octocrylene to less than 1 mg/kg2,3. Another possibility is that benzophenone is created from the
- danger of dermal absorption of benzophenone; 70% of the benzophenone in a dermatological
- modifications27. Here the gradient was 5 % B 3 min before injection, then from one to 12 min, a
- linear gradient increase of B up to 100 %, followed by 100 % B for 6 min in which A was water
- with 0.1 % formic acid and B was acetonitrile with 0.1 % formic acid. The column was a
- analysis time. In this case, the gradient was 5 % B 3 min before injection, then from 1 to 8 min, a
- linear gradient increase of B up to 100 %, followed by 100 % B for 5 min. With this method,
- protonated molecular ion of benzophenone was extracted from the UHPLC-MS profiles at 5 ppm
- Table S1 (supporting information). The integration values were reported in an Excel sheet for
- , and was expressed in mg/kg. The results are provided in Table 2.
- was tested (third column from the left, indicated as “Baseline”, Table 2).
- increase in benzophenone concentrations after the 6-week accelerated stability incubation ranged
- benzophenone in a product was Uriage Age Protect SPF30 (GM of 6.3 mg/kg), but whose
- concentration increased to a geometric mean of 38.6 mg/kg after the accelerated-stability
- incubation (GM of 38.6 mg/kg). L’Oreal Age Perfect FPS 20 had the highest concentration of
- benzophenone for both the starting material (GM of 64.6 mg/kg) and accelerated-stability
- 11.1 mg/kg), but whose concentration increased to a geometric mean of 17.7 mg/kg after the
- only 5% octocrylene, one of the lowest octocrylene concentration formulations. Coppertone
- Coppertone Sport Clear SPF30 only contained 6% octocrylene.
- Symrise Neo Heliopan 3030 octocrylene contained 151 mg/kg benzophenone. TRI-K
- Galsorb Octocrylene contained 47.7 mg/kg benzophenone.
- unstable cellular/histological environment that could promote carcinogenesis46.
- Table 1. List of commercial sunscreen products purchased in France and the U.S.A,
- Coppertone Kids 3% Avobenzone SD Alcohol 40-B (75.5% v/v), Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate,
- Sport SPF 50 Spray 4.5% Octisalate Polyester-27, Dimethicone, Tocopherol (vitamin E), Fragrance,
- 9% Octocrylene avobenzone, octisalate, octocrylene, oxybenzone
- Coppertone Defend 3% Avobenzone Water, Aluminum Starch, Octenylsuccinate, Styrene/Acrylates
- & Care Face SPF 50 10% Homosalate Copolymer, Glycerin, Polyester-27, Silica, Phenoxyethanol,
- Lotion 4.5% Octisalate Isododecane, Arachidyl Alcohol, Beeswax, Ethylhexylglycerin,
- 8% Octocrylene Neopentyl Glycol Diheptanoate, Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl
- Coppertone Water 3% Avobenzone Water, Dimethyl Ether, Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, C12-15
- Babies SPF 50 Spray 9% Homosalate Alkyl Benzoate, Neopentyl Glycol, Diheptanoate, Butylene
- 4.5% Octisalate Glycol, Styrene/Acrylates Copolymer, VP/Eicosene
- 9% Octocrylene Copolymer, 1,2-Hexanediol, Hydroxyacetophenone, Fragrance,
- Coppertone Sport 3% Avobenzone SPF 30 = SD Alcohol 40-B (60.3% v/v), Dicaprylyl Ether,
- Clear SPF 30 (#1 & 10% Homosalate Ethylhexyl Isononanoate, PVP, Dimethicone/Vinyl
- #3) 6% Octocrylene Dimethicone Crosspolymer, Polyester-27, Silica Dimethicone
- Banana Boat Clear 2% Avobenzone Alcohol Denat. Isobutane, Isododecane, Diisopropyl Adipate,
Methods (brief)
- Sunscreen Product Samples
- All commercial sunscreens were sampled for testing after being purchased directly from
- µg/mL benzophenone. Sunscreens were analyzed in a random order. Four samples of each
- supernatant (20 µL) was collected and diluted in acetonitrile (980 µL) in an HPLC vial. For
- The HPLC/MS instrument and method were described by Stien et al. (2019) with
- protonated molecular ion of benzophenone was extracted from the UHPLC-MS profiles at 5 ppm
- control, blanks and control samples were analyzed to check carryover, background noise,
- range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) for benzophenone are listed in
- where madded_BP was the mass of benzophenone added to the sunscreen samples with the different
- Product samples were subjected to a U.S. FDA accelerated-stability testing protocol for
- six weeks; this duration is supposed to reflect a single year shelf-life. In the E.U. samples, the
- In the U.S. Samples, benzophenone concentrations at the end of the 6-week accelerated-
- benzophenone and a number of its derivatives were patented by the Rohm and Haas Company as
- Methodological Description and Sample Chromatograms (PDF)
- (2015) Determination of benzophenone-UV filters in human milk samples using ultrasound-
- assisted extraction and clean-up with dispersive sorbents followed by UHPLC-MS/MS analysis.
- cardboard packaging materials by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Packaging
- (52) Goodman B. (2020) FDA sunscreen report raises concern over chemicals.
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
- Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
- Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
- Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
- Aluminum
- Tin
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.