Heavy metal pollution in the environment and their toxicological effects

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Table 1. Classification of heavy metal carcinogenicity (24, 25).
• Table 2. Aluminium uses and properties (28, 29, 30, 31). extended period until they are eluted to other compartments. They can
• Table 3. Aluminium thresholds (29). Table 5. Vanadium thresholds (32).
• Drinking water WHO Drinking-Water Quality 0.1 mg/L Workplace Air OSHA Legal limit over an 8-hour workday of 0.5 mg/m3
• WHO Drinking-Water Quality 0.2 mg/L vanadium pentoxide fumes
• EPA SMCL for AL, based on taste, 0.05–0.2 mg/L
• Table 4. Vanadium properties and uses (28, 32, 33, 34). human body. Deficiencies are caused usually through malabsorption can
• (less than 1% V and chromium) range of nucleobase products which are typical of DNA subjected to ox-
• Table 6. Chromium uses and properties (28, 35, 36, 37, 38). Table 8. Manganese properties and uses (28, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46).
• Table 7. Chromium thresholds (36).
• Drinking water WHO Drinking-Water Quality 0.05 mg/L the iron absorption pathways. Apart from citrate, studies show that
• Bottled Water FDA Not to exceed the total 0.1 mg/L
• Table 9. Manganese thresholds (46). Table 11. Cobalt thresholds (49).
• Drinking-Water WHO Drinking-Water Quality Guidelines 0.4 mg/L
• Table 12. Nickel uses and properties (28, 39, 41,52–54).
• EPA Lifetime exposure of Mn at this concentration is 0.3 mg/L
  22nd most abundant metal
• Table 10. Cobalt properties and uses (28, 47, 48, 49, 50).
  Coins
• Table 13. Nickel thresholds (52). Table 15. Copper thresholds (55).
• Drinking water WHO Drinking-Water Quality Guidelines 0.02 mg/L workday of Cu dust
• Table 18. Molybdenum uses and properties (39, 41,60,61). OSHA Legal limit over an 8-hour 15 mg/m3
• 
  Brilliant alloying agent EPA Drinking water threshold 0.08 mg/L
• 
  A catalyst in petroleum refinement Table 20. Arsenic uses and properties (28, 37, 39, 41,62).
• (see Tables 4 and 5) Effects on humans
  Inorganic arsenic toxicity causes:
• Table 21. Arsenic thresholds (62). tion of mucin was induced by the independent pathways of EGFR- and
• EPA Drinking water threshold 0.05 mg/L levels. Inflammation and an increase in apoptosis were seen when so-
• 
  Gloves which are suitable for touchscreens 6.3. Chromium (Cr)
• Table 23. Silver thresholds (63). Table 25. Cadmium thresholds (66).
• ACGIH Legal limit over an 8-hour workday of soluble 0.01 mg/m3 EPA Drinking water at this concentration 0.005 mg/L
• WHO Drinking water Quality Guidelines 0.003 mg/L
• Table 24. Cadmium uses and properties (39, 41, 67, 68).
• Once the hexavalent form of chromium enters the cell, through redox (see Tables 8 and 9)
• Table 26. Selenium uses and properties (39, 41,68,69). Table 27. Selenium thresholds (69).
• ◦ Crooksite made of copper, thallium and selenium Drinking-Water EPA Drinking-water threshold 0.05 mg/L
• 
  Photoconductive WHO Drinking-water Quality Guidelines 0.01 mg/L
• Table 28. Mercury uses and properties (37, 39, 41,70,71). Table 29. Mercury thresholds (70).
• Intake WHO Permissible weekly intake 5 μg/kg total
• 
  Mercury (i) chloride used in: Drinking-Water EPA Drinking water inorganic mercury threshold 0.002 mg/L
• WHO Drinking water Quality Guidelines 0.001 mg/L
• ◦ Rat poison, Seafood FDA Max legal limit of methylmercury 1 ppm
• ◦ Learning disabilities, (see Tables 12 and 13)
• 
  Soft drinks WHO Drinking water Quality Guidelines 0.01 mg/L
• (see Tables 14 and 15) ATPase. MNK delivers copper to the enzymes that are dependent on the

Methods (brief)

• excluding ruminants (61). induce the metallothionein protein; As3þ > As5þ > MMA > DMA. Unlike
• However, when rats were fed molybdate and sulphide in their diets, an participate in the reduction process before methylation. MMA and DMA
• administered with tetrathiomolybdates but not in rats administered with reaction produces intermediates (MMA3þ and DMA3þ) which some of
• (DMA). Arsenic can be orally taken, inhaled and dermally absorbed,
  diminish the ATP found in some cellular systems, though not in the
• immature blood-brain barrier, there will be a higher risk of lead toxicity. protective gear to reduce the daily intake through inhalation, digestion or

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
• Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
• Seaweed/kelp foods (nori, wakame, kombu, dulse — as food products)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Tin
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.