Overview
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Key numbers
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- 12–15 % of the world’s gold is generated in this way through for mercury, but do not suffer from the limitations of elemental
- polysulfide (50 % sulfur) after passing through sieves.
- bers and pencil erasers, typically prepared with up to 25 % mately 180 8C. The reaction was initially two phases, so rapid
- 50 wt %) with natural rubber, often in the presence of unsatu- within 20 minutes of total reaction time, a solid brown rubber
- of these materials with very high sulfur content (50 % or more synthesis. A similar material was produced using both sunflow-
- ally, the high levels of sulfur in the proposed co-polymer were centage of polyunsaturated linoleic acid in sunflower oil (50 %)
- anticipated to impart high affinity for various forms of mercury. compared to canola oil (14 %) and olive oil (9 %). Oleic acid
- Results and Discussion cous oil was obtained. From 20 % to 70 % sulfur by weight, a
- As a starting point, the reaction between sulfur and food 50 % sulfur by weight and 50 % canola by weight was selected
- face was rich in sulfur and carbon, as indicated by elemental DSC revealed that above 30 % sulfur by mass, there was an en-
- ure 2 b and Figures S13–14) and fully consistent with the sulfur was attributed to the melting range of free sulfur. By integrat-
- was inferred by confocal Raman microscopy with S@S stretch- was made (Figure S20–S23). The polysulfide made from 50 %
- ing detected at 432 and 470 cm@1 (Figure S15).(22, 32) Interesting- canola oil and 50 % sulfur, for instance, was estimated to con-
- ly, confocal Raman microscopy also revealed domains of very tain about 9 % free sulfur by mass. The polysulfides made from
- high sulfur, some of which appeared as sulfur particles embed- 60 and 70 % sulfur, in comparison, were estimated to contain
- 30, 50, and 70 % sulfur by mass. (b) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the canola oil polysulfide between 100 and 125 8C revealed that when more
- than 30 % sulfur was used in the synthesis, free sulfur was detected. For full thermal analysis of the polymers, including comparison to unreacted vegetable
- sulfur (25 %) had a higher onset of degradation of the sulfur tested, the polymer was briefly washed with aqueous NaOH
- canola oil and sulfur on a 40 g reaction scale provided essen- sulfide (50 % sulfur by weight) was simply incubated, without
- tially the same rubber material, as indicated by physical ap- stirring, in a 5.0 mL aqueous solution of HgCl2 (3.5 ppm in
- Therefore, the order of addition of the sulfur and canola oil did by ICP-MS. Typically 90 % of the soluble mercury was captured
- on this time scale and temperature. We suspect that the reac- 0.35 : 0.1 ppm Hg2 + (the average of triplicate experiments). At
- point. With that said, there may be subtle differences in the 91 % of Hg2 + from a 5.0 mL sample of 74 mm HgCl2 after
- 0.8 cm V 0.2 cm) suitable for DMA. Subsequent DMA analysis mercury.
- sulfide captured 79 mg of HgCl2, the polymer was transferred as little as 1 % free sulfur by mass was also effective in captur-
- 24 hours. The concentration of mercury in the water was mea- required because of its lower total sulfur content (17 % total
- sured by ICP-MS to be 0.57 ppb, a level that is within regulato- sulfur, Figure S46). For Hg2 + , the sulfur of the polysulfide acted
- 1.00 g of the canola oil polysulfide (50 % sulfur by weight) was product was different, as the HgCl2 presented as surface-
- 1.099 g. By mass balance, this result indicated that 99 % of the sensor for metallic mercury.
- (5.0 g) containing 50 % sulfur by weight. Polymer particles of sence of polymer, resulted in rapid cell death with and IC50 of
- bars represent standard error of the mean. “Dose 1”: 3.75 mg polymer/ was found that a large excess of sodium chloride was required
- (70 % of the total mass of the reaction mixture was sodium
- is a relatively simple measure to address the extensive mercury similar to the non-porous variant (Figure S62). One notable dif-
- porous polymer (13 % by mass, Figure S60), the sodium chlo- Removing mercury bound to organic matter (Hg-NOM) from
- removed 7 % of the mercury from the gas stream. Reasoning porous and porous polysulfide for its ability to displace NOM,
- tion range, sorption of Hg(NO3)2 was found to follow a linear
- forms of the polysulfide removed > 90 % of the mercury in so-
- reached 79 and 81 %, respectively (Figure S66). The removal ef-
- continuous process, with 67 % of the mercury removed from the gas stream clearly show that the porous polysulfide material can effective-
- 67 % of the mercury. This unoptimised mercury removal effi- porous polysulfide.
- normalised to the mass of the sample. The results indicated by ICP-MS. Remarkably, 98 % of the mercury was removed
- MS. Soil alone (3.0 g) retained 46 % of the mercury; soil and
Methods (brief)
- Therefore, the order of addition of the sulfur and canola oil did by ICP-MS. Typically 90 % of the soluble mercury was captured
- point. With that said, there may be subtle differences in the 91 % of Hg2 + from a 5.0 mL sample of 74 mm HgCl2 after
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA, Figure S33) was carried indicate when bound to a specific amount of Hg2 + . Because
- 0.8 cm V 0.2 cm) suitable for DMA. Subsequent DMA analysis mercury.
- to a 10 mL sample of milliQ-purified water and incubated for ing mercury metal, though a higher mass of total factice was
- sured by ICP-MS to be 0.57 ppb, a level that is within regulato- sulfur, Figure S46). For Hg2 + , the sulfur of the polysulfide acted
- treatment, the polymer was isolated by filtration, washed thor- polymer sample appeared black (Figure S47). This result en-
- periments, the polymer samples were added to the permeable
- mer. Neither sample leached sufficient mercury to affect liver
- any sample of the polymer-bound mercury. chloride). If less sodium chloride were used, substantial
- assessed. A 300 mg sample of the polymer was loaded in a occur as a free, monatomic ion complexed only by water mole-
- tered sample was then analysed by ion chromatography and After this time, the concentration of mercury was determined
- normalised to the mass of the sample. The results indicated by ICP-MS. Remarkably, 98 % of the mercury was removed
- cury concentration of the flowthrough was determined by ICP-
- ing used cooking oil and to D.O.G. Chemie for samples of fac- (12) S. R. Shewchuk, R. Azargohar, A. K. Dalai, J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol. 2016,
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Root-Vegetable Purees
- Other cooking oils (canola, sunflower, coconut, avocado, sesame)
- Mercury
- Mercury
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Update history
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