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Determination of Heavy Metal Residues in Tropical Fruits near Industrial Estates in Rayong Province, Thailand: A Risk Assessment Study

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Overview

This study measured As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in six tropical fruits from Rayong Province, Thailand, near industrial estates. It is routeable for fresh-fruit and pineapple context, with market and fruit-type variation preserved.

Key numbers

Source units are mg/kg.

  • Across sampled fruits, metal concentrations ranged from 0.0004 to 6.7095 mg/kg.
  • Toxic metals As, Cd, Hg, and Pb ranged from 0.0004 to 0.4625 mg/kg.
  • Fruit-type ordering reported by the authors: As, jackfruit > durian > mangosteen > long kong > pineapple > rambutan; Cd, mangosteen > jackfruit > durian > rambutan > long kong > pineapple; Pb, long kong > jackfruit > durian > rambutan > pineapple > mangosteen; Zn, jackfruit > durian > rambutan > long kong > mangosteen > pineapple.
  • Lead exceeded the maximum permissible limit in 16.7% of fruit samples, including durian market B 0.1427 +/- 0.0635, jackfruit market B 0.2949 +/- 0.0763, and long kong market A 0.4625 +/- 0.0604.
  • The authors report average THQs below 1 for males and females, but market B hazard index exceeded 1 for both males and females.

Methods

As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured by ICP-MS; Hg was measured by CV-AAS. Samples covered durian, jackfruit, pineapple, rambutan, long kong, and mangosteen from Rayong Province.

Implications

The source fills fresh-fruit seasonal/geographic variance context for Thailand. Pineapple should be interpreted as one of six fruit types; the strongest numeric lead exceedances were in durian, jackfruit, and long kong.

Update history

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