Sports/Energy Drinks
This page is HMTc Category 5 row 9 from the locked beverage architecture. It exists as a wiki node so evidence, regulatory context, ingredient routing, and future field findings have a stable place to land.
Heavy Metal Index pages are written for several audiences at once. Each entry point below names where to start if you are reading this page with a specific question in mind.
- Brand legal and regulatory affairs
- Cherry-pick attack vectors on sports and energy drinks typically center on metals in herbal-extract ingredients (ginseng, guarana, taurine sources) and on can-lining wear. Ingredient-supplier disclosure is the defensive core. The cited sources at the bottom of this page are the citations list, written to be quoted into a Daubert brief without further editing.
- Retailer quality and compliance
- The Federal / Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings section compares the applicable regulatory cap to cited field evidence on a like-for-like basis, with basis conversion shown when conversion is well-defined and a methodology anchor when speciation differs. The Literature Evidence Summary gives source count and confidence rating per analyte.
- Brand QA and product development
- Use the Lab Result Comparator to position a single lab value inside the cited literature. The comparator positions a single lab value inside the cited literature for sports and energy drinks.
- Regulators, journalists, and adversarial readers
- Every numeric claim on this page traces to a source page. The Evidence Governance note explains what this page is and is not (literature evidence, not HMT&C certification thresholds).
- HMT&C staff (internal)
- HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this public page. The Index and HMT&C operate on the same evidence base but apply different publication rules; see the methodology for the separation.
Literature scope
The Heavy Metal Index source corpus is currently focused on food and food-contact materials. This page documents an HMTc Taxonomy v2.0 row in the category this product class for which no peer-reviewed primary or government sources have yet been ingested. The page exists as the routing destination for future ingest. Until sources land, the literature-evidence sections below are deliberately empty rather than guessed; HMTc certification thresholds for products in this row continue to be developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this public page.
Decision Snapshot
| Field | Status |
|---|---|
| Row state | Locked row node; structured occurrence extraction pending |
| Category hub | category-5-beverages |
| Crosswalk hub | regulatory-crosswalk-field-findings |
| HMTc use | Routing and evidence-gap tracking only; not a certification threshold |
Federal / Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
This is the fast comparison view for standards developers, regulators, retailers, brands, and legal teams. It shows the applicable federal or regulatory limit next to the current field-evidence state. It is not an HMTc pass/fail table; technical distributions remain in the evidence sections below.
| Metal | Federal / regulatory limit | Actual field finding | Decision read | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No loaded row | No federal or product-specific regulatory limit loaded yet | Comparable field finding extraction pending | Evidence-gap tracking only; do not infer a pass/fail status | regulatory-crosswalk-field-findings |
Evidence Handling
Finished-product findings belong on this product page. Ingredient-only findings belong on ingredient pages before they are used for product inference.
Literature Evidence Summary
The table below summarizes what the peer-reviewed and government literature cited on this page reports for heavy-metal concentrations in Sports/energy drinks. Values are pulled directly from cited sources without re-aggregation; pooling, percentile selection, and threshold math sit in the staff Standards Workbench rather than this public page.
Methodology rules for speciation, basis preservation, non-detect handling, and source pooling are stated in the Methodology section above and apply to every row below.
| Analyte | Subcategory | Reported concentration range | Detection rate | Applicable regulatory cap | Sources | Confidence | Basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pb | Sports/energy drinks (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| Cd | Sports/energy drinks (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
| tAs | Sports/energy drinks (no contributing evidence loaded) | No concentration data loaded for this analyte | Sample-level detection rate not reported | No applicable cap loaded | 0 | data gap | Basis not reported |
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Babayo et al. 2026. Contamination Factor, Metal Pollution Index and Estimated Daily Intake of Heavy Metals in Some Selected Energy Drinks in Nigeria, IRE Journals | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Thirty commercially available energy-drink samples purchased from supermarkets, retail stores, and street vendors in Nigeria, comprising 23 liquid… (n=30) |
| 2 | Hamza et al. 2026. Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risk Assessment of Selected Energy Drinks in Nigeria, International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology | 2026 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co occurrence in Thirty energy drinks (23 liquid and 7 powdered) randomly purchased from local markets in Nigeria. Samples are labelled… (n=30) |
| 3 | Hamza et al. 2025. Determination of Some Physicochemical Properties, Heavy Metals and Micronutrients of Some Energy Drinks Available in Nigeria, Communication in Physical Sciences | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn occurrence in Thirty energy drinks (23 liquid and 7 powdered) purchased from local markets in Nigeria. Samples are labelled by… (n=30) |
| 4 | Salahel et al. 2025. Assessment of toxic heavy metals in commonly consumed foods in Egypt and their implications for public health and safety, Scientific Reports | 2025 | Peer-reviewed | EG Pb, Cd, Cr, tAs occurrence in Fifty-four food and beverage samples collected January-December 2022 from local markets in Qena Governorate, southern Egypt: beverages (n=20;… (n=54) |
| 5 | Al-Sayyed et al. 2024. Screening for the Presence of Some Heavy Metals, Total Soluble Solids and Caffeine Contents in Some Energy Drinks Sold in Jordanian Market, Methods and Objects of Chemical Analysis | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | JO Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Fe occurrence in The 10 most commonly consumed commercial energy-drink brands sold in the Jordanian market; six countries of origin represented… (n=10) |
| 6 | Czarnek et al. 2024. Nutritional Risks of Heavy Metals in the Human Diet—Multi-Elemental Analysis of Energy Drinks, Nutrients | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | PL Pb, Cd, tAs, Cr, Ni, Al, Cu, Mn, Fe, Zn, Co, V, Sr, Ba, B occurrence in Nine commercially available energy-drink brands (anonymised ED1–ED9) sold in Lublin, Poland; all in aluminum cans; selected as the… (n=27) |
| 7 | Bunu et al. 2023. Heavy Metals Quantification and Correlative Carcinogenic-Risks Evaluation in Selected Energy Drinks Sold in Bayelsa State Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Technique, International Journal of Chemistry Research | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, Cd, Fe, Zn occurrence in Eleven commercially marketed energy-drink brands purchased in no particular order from general-market supermarkets in Amassoma and Yenagoa, Bayelsa… (n=11) |
| 8 | Bunu et al. 2023. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic (AAS) Analysis of Heavy Metals and Health Risks Assessment of some Common Energy Drinks, Pharmacology and Toxicology of Natural Medicines | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | NG Pb, tAs, Al, Zn occurrence in Twelve commercially marketed soft-drink and energy-drink brands purchased from supermarkets in Lokoja, Kogi State, Southwest Nigeria; labelled B1–B12… (n=12) |
| 9 | Yahaya et al. 2022. Heavy Metal Content and Associated Health Risks in Selected Energy Drinks Sold in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | NG Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd occurrence in One hundred and twenty energy-drink samples (forty samples of each of three popular commercial brands of canned energy… (n=120) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| c3909aa | 2026-06-02 | codex sprint 2026-06-02 01:35: end-of-fire cleanup |
| 1c410cb | 2026-06-01 | codex sprint 2026-06-01 0715: end-of-fire cleanup |
| c660ae7 | 2026-06-01 | codex sprint 2026-06-01 03:04: end-of-fire cleanup |
| b81f32c | 2026-06-01 | codex sprint 2026-06-01 0339: end-of-fire cleanup |
| 8cae8bf | 2026-06-01 | codex sprint 2026-05-31 23:45: end-of-fire cleanup |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| b0f3d38 | 2026-06-12 | batch | corpus rescreen b04 old terminal skips |