Wester and colleagues dosed skin with arsenic-73 as arsenic acid (H3AsO4) in water and in soil, in rhesus monkeys and in excised human skin. The chemical form is arsenate, so the metal label is inorganic arsenic. The PDF text layer is badly garbled. Numbers below are kept with that limitation. A sentence in the extract that mentions cadmium is a text-layer collision with a different Wester paper and is not a cadmium result.
Key numbers
Doses in the abstract, as printed with the micro glyph damaged: soil low dose 0.0004 µg/cm2 and high dose 0.6 µg/cm2. Water low dose 0.000024 µg/cm2 and high dose 2.1 µg/cm2. A methods sentence may print the soil low dose with one fewer decimal place. That conflict is flagged. The abstract token 0.0004 is the one used here.
In vivo, 24 hours, low-dose water absorption 6.4 ± 3.9 percent, high-dose water 2.0 ± 1.2 percent. The text layer prints these with damaged plus-minus signs (6.4 +_3.9 and 2.0 _+ 1.2). Intravenous recovery was 80.1 ± 6.7 percent of the dose in urine over 7 days.
In vitro human skin, low-dose water: receptor 0.93 ± 1.1 percent of dose, skin after wash 0.98 ± 0.96 percent, combined 1.9 percent, compared with 6.4 percent in vivo. Soil: receptor 0.43 ± 0.54 percent, skin 0.33 ± 0.25 percent, combined 0.8 percent, compared with 4.5 percent in vivo. Soil load 0.04 g soil/cm2. Partition from water to powdered stratum corneum 1.1 × 10^4. Partition from water to soil 2.5 × 10^4.
Methods (brief)
Radiolabelled arsenic acid. In vivo rhesus and in vitro human skin. Water and soil are separate matrices. Yolo County soil is the soil source named in the paper.
Evidence fitness
The percentages support an absorption comparison for arsenate in water versus soil. They do not support a food, cosmetic, or drinking-water occurrence survey.
Limitations
The text layer is a poor transcription. Glyphs for micro and plus-minus are damaged. The possible tenfold difference in the soil low dose between abstract and methods is unresolved. No cadmium value is taken from this file.
Related evidence
Update history
No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.