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Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum in the Context of Environmental Conditions and Heavy Metals Bioaccumulation

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Overview

Sotek and colleagues measured cadmium, lead, and nickel alongside bioactive compounds (beta-glucans, chitin, carotenoids, phenolics) in three wild edible mushroom species from two forested regions of north-western Poland. All metal concentrations in fruiting bodies remained within EU food safety limits, but regular or excessive consumption of Boletus edulis was identified as potentially exceeding tolerable weekly intake values for cadmium and nickel. Cadmium levels were inversely correlated with antioxidant potential and positively correlated with chitin content across species and locations.

Key numbers

Mushroom fruiting body concentrations in mg/kg dry weight (Table 5):

  • Cadmium: B. edulis Uznam-Wolin 2.83, Insko Lake District 2.64, mean 2.74; I. badia Uznam-Wolin 0.74, Insko 0.11, mean 0.43; L. scabrum Uznam-Wolin 0.31, Insko 1.93, mean 1.12.
  • Lead: B. edulis Uznam-Wolin 1.58, Insko 1.64, mean 1.61; I. badia Uznam-Wolin 0.61, Insko 2.67, mean 1.64; L. scabrum Uznam-Wolin 0.87, Insko 2.22, mean 1.55.
  • Nickel: B. edulis Uznam-Wolin 3.92, Insko 5.89, mean 4.91; I. badia Uznam-Wolin 3.07, Insko 3.34, mean 3.21; L. scabrum Uznam-Wolin 3.09, Insko 3.26, mean 3.18.
  • Corresponding soil cadmium (exchangeable fraction, mg/kg): B. edulis sites 1.30 mean; I. badia sites 1.68 mean; L. scabrum sites 1.49 mean (Table 5).
  • Authors note: regular or excessive consumption of B. edulis may result in exceeding TWI levels for cadmium and nickel.

Methods (brief)

Standard analytical methods not fully specified in pages reviewed; heavy metal analysis of fruiting body dry matter. Bioactive compound analysis included beta- and alpha-glucan, chitin, carotenoids, L-ascorbic acid, phenolics, and organic acids. PCA performed on elemental and bioactive data.

Evidence fitness

A multi-species field study from two contrasting regions of Poland with paired soil and fruiting-body data. Provides species-resolution cadmium, lead, and nickel for three commercially important wild boletes. Limitation: exact analytical methods for metals not extracted from the pages reviewed; sample sizes per species-location combination not stated numerically in the tables available. All values are dry weight, requiring a moisture-content conversion for comparison with EU fresh-weight maximum levels.

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