Concentrations of toxic heavy metals and trace elements

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• Environ Monit Assess (2013) 185:8383–8392
• analyzed in the milk of Simmental (n = 20) and Zn–P, Ca–P, Ca–Mg, and Mg–P. The correlations
• Holstein-Friesian (n=20) cows from an organic farm. between other elements within each of the analyzed
• lower concentrations of Pb and Cd (P<0.001) and Cu
• (P<0.05) and significantly higher concentrations of Fe Milk as an excretion of the mammary gland can carry
• and Mg (P<0.05) as well as nonsignificantly higher numerous xenobiotic substances, which constitute a
• Department of Ruminant Science, West Pomeranian milk was produced (Licata et al. 2004; González-
• University of Technology in Szczecin, Montaña et al. 2012).
• Judyma 10 Street, In the last few years, the contamination of milk is
• Department of Animal Reproduction Biotechnology and density greater than 6 g/cm. This term is widely rec-
• Judyma 6 Street, cadmium (Cd), Cu, Fe, lead (Pb), and Zn which are
• 71-460 Szczecin, Poland commonly associated with pollution and toxicity
• 8384 Environ Monit Assess (2013) 185:8383–8392
• problems (Malhat et al. 2012). One of the main the northwestern part of the Lubuskie Province in
• problems with metals is their ability to bio- Poland (Fig. 1). Approximately 1,000 ha is located in
• concern because milk is largely consumed by infants area is a part of Natura 2000 land. Grasslands are situ-
• and children (Tripathi et al. 1999). ated in the basin of Odra and Warta Rivers. This farm,
• Alonso et al. 2003; Miranda et al. 2005). Accumulation the building. Winter feeding of cows was based on the
• inated with toxic metals (González-Weller et al. 2006; concentrates), whereas during the summer feeding,
• Vromman et al. 2008; Cai et al. 2009). cows additionally used the pasture.
• Cd and Pb are amongst the elements that have Milk samples from a total of 40 cows (20 samples
• on human health. This is because they are readily were taken in September 2008. Each group, within the
• serve any essential biological function. Lead is a per- yield (3,800–4,000 kg), similar age (3–7 years old), and
• vasive and widely distributed environmental pollutant similar lactation stage (100–150 day post-calving).
• (Swarup et al. 2005). For that reason, the concentra- 2000 DV instrument (PerkinElmer Inc.), after min-
• to ensure the consumers’ health (Jen et al. 1994). Paar microwave oven. Measurements were made
• relationships between the levels of individual elements as follows: Cd 0.1 μg/L; Pb, 1.0 μg/L; Ca,
• in the milk of Simmental and Holstein-Friesian cows, 0.05 μg/L; P, 4 μg/L; Mg, 0.04 μg/L; Cu,
• kept in the same environment and fed identically, 0.4 μg/L; Fe, 0.1 μg/L; Mn, 0.1 μg/L; Se,
• which allows finding breed differences in the concen- 4 μg/L; and Zn, 0.2 μg/L.
• elements in the milk of Simmental and Holstein- AS) (n= 3) together with the samples. The results
• Friesian cows kept on an organic farm. agreed within ±10 % of the certified values. The
• the blank samples. Blank digests (n=4) were run with
• The research material comprised milk obtained from 20 Statistical analysis of the data was performed using
• Simmental dairy cows and 20 Holstein-Friesian cows Statistica software (Statsoft Inc., version 10.0). Prior to
• kept on an organic farm with a total area of 4,000 ha of analyses, data were investigated to determine their
• arable land including 3,000 ha of grassland, located in distribution using the Shapiro–Wilk W test. The
• Environ Monit Assess (2013) 185:8383–8392 8385
• attain or approach a normal distribution of the data. Pb and Cd (P<0.001) and Cu (P<0.05) and significantly
• Concentration of the analyzed elements in cow’s milk higher concentration of Fe and Mg (P<0.05) than did the
• sidered significant at the level of P<0.05, P<0.01, and concentrations of Zn and P were also found; however,
• P<0.001. The relationships between the levels of indi- these were not statistically significant differences.

Methods (brief)

• Cd and Pb are amongst the elements that have Milk samples from a total of 40 cows (20 samples
• elements in the milk of Simmental and Holstein- AS) (n= 3) together with the samples. The results
• the blank samples. Blank digests (n=4) were run with
• Material and methods a series of milk samples, and no major interferences
• ments in milk samples is given in Table 1. The milk of pollutants in foodstuffs.
• Hermansen et al. (2005), a total of 480 samples of
• samples from the north and 28.3 % of samples from by Pavlovic et al. (2004) no correlation between these
• (Klaassen et al. 1999). (Blanco-Penedo et al. 2006; Bremner and Beattie
• Fisher, L. J., Macintosff, A. I., & Carson, R. B. (1970). Effects metals in samples of bovine milk from various dairy farms
• Klaassen, C. D., Liu, J., & Choudhuri, S. (1999). Olsson, I. M., Jonsson, S., & Oskarsson, A. (2010). Cadmium
• by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Czech R., Wójcik, J., Marciniak, A., et al. (2011). Relationship
• milk by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Czech Wang, Y., Ou, Y. L., Liu, Y. Q., Xie, Q., Liu, Q. F., Wu, Q., et al.

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, predatory (tuna, swordfish, shark, king mackerel)
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead
• Nickel
• Aluminum
• Chromium

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.