Ngodhe and Odhiambo 2018 - Kale and soil near sludge irrigation in Kisumu
This study measured Pb, Cu, and Zn in soil and kale grown near the KIWASCO sewage treatment plant in Obunga slum, Kisumu County, Kenya.
Key numbers
Source units are ppm.
- Sample frame: 60 samples total, 30 soil samples and 30 kale samples.
- Mean Pb: soil 0.41298 +/- 0.102; kale 0.37098 +/- 0.105.
- Mean Zn: soil 0.34676 +/- 0.095; kale 0.2302 +/- 0.085.
- Mean Cu: soil 0.1051 +/- 0.002; kale 0.08666 +/- 0.003.
- Plot-level kale Cu ranged from 0.07 +/- 0.001 to 0.0995 +/- 0.003.
- The authors report Pb, Cu, and Zn in both soil and kale below KEBS/WHO/FAO standards and no immediate human-health risk in the analyzed samples.
Methods
Soil and kale samples were dried, ground, acid digested, and analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Implications
The source supports vegetable/kale context for Pb, Cu, and Zn under sewage-sludge irrigation conditions. Soil and kale values should remain separate matrices.
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Verification notes
- Source identity checked against DOI 10.19080/IJESNR.2018.15.555907 and the downloaded PDF.
- Values are source-reported in ppm; this page does not convert ppm to mg/kg.
Page history
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