Overview
Mirzaei and colleagues bought three bottles each of 11 bottled water brands in Kashan and measured chromium, cadmium, lead, nickel and arsenic by graphite furnace AAS, then ran point and Monte Carlo risk estimates. Table 4 gives the mean ± SD per brand. All hazard quotients and indices were below 1.
Key numbers
- Lead brand means 0.001 to 0.007 mg/L (brands C and F highest at 0.007 mg/L) (Table 4, p. 5).
- Cadmium 0.0015 to 0.0025 mg/L; arsenic not detected in brands C, H and J and up to 0.0035 mg/L elsewhere (Table 4, p. 5; text p. 4).
- Chromium 0.005 to 0.034 mg/L; nickel 0.002 to 0.029 mg/L (Table 4, p. 5).
Methods (brief)
Nitric acid digestion at 100 °C and graphite furnace AAS. LODs 0.1 to 1 ng/mL and LOQs 0.3 to 3 ng/mL (Table 1); spike recoveries 85 to 115% (Table 2). No reference material.
Evidence Fitness
Plain bottled water: a proxy for flavored-carbonated-bottled-waters, not linked to that page. Several lead and arsenic means fall below the stated LOQ. The abstract’s cadmium range (1.5 to 7 µg/L) does not match Table 4, and the table’s nickel and arsenic limits appear swapped. Per-litre units.
Related evidence
Update history
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