Madani-Tonekaboni et al. 2019 - Lead and cadmium in East Iran milk
Madani-Tonekaboni and colleagues measured lead and cadmium in raw and pasteurized milk samples from eastern Iran and modeled exposure with Monte Carlo simulation. This is direct dairy-occurrence evidence with consumer-risk calculations layered on top.
Key numbers
The abstract reports mean concentrations of 38.15 ug/kg lead and 4.67 ug/kg cadmium in raw milk, and 48.49 ug/kg lead and 6.84 ug/kg cadmium in pasteurized milk.
The results section states that raw milk lead ranged from 15.77 to 67.84 ug/kg. For pasteurized milk, the text reports a maximum mean lead concentration of 133.1 ug/kg and a minimum of 7.8 ug/kg, and a maximum mean cadmium concentration of 12.5 ug/kg with a minimum of 1.2 ug/kg.
The source reports that THQ values for adults and children remained below 1 for all groups under the Monte Carlo exposure model.
Methods (brief)
The study analyzed 54 raw milk samples collected by cluster sampling from five regions and 20 pasteurized milk samples purchased from supermarkets. Samples were digested and measured by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, with triplicate analyses and validation parameters reported in Table 2. Risk assessment used a 10,000-iteration Monte Carlo simulation.
Implications
Certification: This is direct milk occurrence evidence, though it combines raw and pasteurized dairy matrices rather than a single packaged product row.
Courses: Useful case for showing how occurrence monitoring and exposure modeling are linked but should remain analytically distinct.
App: Context for dairy exposure narratives involving Pb and Cd in milk.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
Recovered from a mispointed recovery row. The claimed queue row referenced ing-human-milk-pb_2019_10-29252-nfsr-6-2-29.pdf, but the extant matching PDF in the raw corpus is ing-human-milk-cd_2019_10-29252-nfsr-6-2-29.pdf, which contains this milk-occurrence paper. The source is about raw and pasteurized milk, not human milk, and the raw-path mismatch should be cleaned in a later queue-normalization pass.
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.
| Commit | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 7faea44 | 2026-06-11 | recovery ingest 2026-06-11: corpus rescreen batch of 10 sources |