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Estimation of manganese daily intake among adults in Korea

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This study estimated daily manganese intake for 354 Korean adults by combining a 24-hour dietary recall with a manganese content table built from analysis of 366 commonly eaten Korean foods. Men had a higher absolute intake than women, but intake per 1000 kcal did not differ by sex. Both sexes averaged well above the Korean adequate intake, and a small number of participants exceeded the tolerable upper intake level.

Key numbers

  • Mean daily manganese intake: 5206.6 ± 3237.3 µg/day in men (n = 149), 4056.5 ± 2003.5 µg/day in women (n = 205), 4540.6 ± 2652.7 µg/day overall (n = 354); sex difference p < 0.001 (Table 3, p. 23).
  • Intake per energy: 2982.7 ± 1164.2 µg/1000 kcal/day in men and 2899.9 ± 946.6 µg/1000 kcal/day in women; not significantly different (Table 3, p. 23).
  • Percent of adequate intake: 148.8 ± 92.5% in men and 135.2 ± 66.8% in women (Table 3, p. 23).
  • Participants at or below the tolerable upper intake level: 141 of 149 men (94.6%) and 202 of 205 women (98.5%); the abstract states 8 men and 3 women exceeded it (Table 3, p. 23; Abstract).
  • The paper names cereals, vegetables and beans as the main suppliers of manganese for this group (Discussion, p. 24).

Methods (brief)

Healthy adults gave informed consent and completed anthropometry and an interviewer-assisted 24-hour recall using food models and photographs. Nutrient intake was computed with CAN-Pro 3.0, and manganese intake was computed from a previously published table of manganese content in 366 frequently consumed Korean foods. No foods or biological samples were analyzed in this paper itself.

Evidence fitness

The study supports a population-level estimate of dietary manganese intake for Korean adults and a comparison with the Korean adequate intake and upper level. It does not supply food concentration values, measured duplicate-diet intakes or any health outcome data.

Limitations

A single 24-hour recall does not capture day-to-day variation, and the estimate depends on the completeness of the underlying food table. The numeric values of the adequate intake and upper level used for comparison are not printed in this paper. Sampling and recruitment details are brief.

Update history

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