Overview
This open book chapter reports total arsenic uptake in two rice genotypes, Kainat and Basmati-385, under gypsum, farmyard manure, cow dung, lignite, biogas slurry, biomaterial, and untreated control conditions. The routeable food endpoint is rice grain total As on a dry-weight basis, not rice milk. Cow dung and biomaterial treatments produced the lowest grain As values in the printed table, including 0.04 mg/kg for Kainat under biomaterials and 0.09 mg/kg for Basmati-385 under biomaterials.
Key numbers
- Experiment scope: two rice genotypes (Kainat and Basmati-385) across seven treatments: control, gypsum, farmyard manure, cow dung, lignite, biogas slurry, and biomaterials.
- Irrigation challenge: arsenic-contaminated irrigation water reported as 45 mg/L, applied at transplanting, tillering, and milking stages.
- Grain As concentrations from Table 1, dry weight, mg/kg:
- Control: Kainat 1.2; Basmati-385 1.2.
- Gypsum: Kainat 0.5; Basmati-385 0.9.
- Farmyard manure: Kainat 0.7; Basmati-385 0.7.
- Cow dung: Kainat 0.2; Basmati-385 0.1.
- Lignite: Kainat 1.1; Basmati-385 1.4.
- Biogas slurry: Kainat 1.6; Basmati-385 1.0.
- Biomaterials: Kainat 0.04; Basmati-385 0.09.
- The abstract states that mean grain As for cow-dung and biomaterial treatments in both genotypes was below the cited WHO/FAO rice-grain limit of 0.2 mg/kg dry weight.
- The abstract reports shoot As ranges of 3.1-28 mg/kg dry weight for Kainat and 1.7-16 mg/kg dry weight for Basmati-385, with the minimum under cow dung and biomaterials.
Methods (brief)
The authors grew two contrasting rice genotypes in an amendment experiment with arsenic-contaminated irrigation water. Root, shoot, and grain samples were digested with nitric acid, and plant-tissue arsenic was determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry. The chapter reports total arsenic in tissues; it does not separate inorganic arsenic, DMA, MMA, or other arsenic species. Statistical comparison between treatments used analysis of variance.
Implications
- Rice: provides treatment-level dry-weight grain total-As values for two Pakistani rice genotypes under an experimental arsenic-irrigation challenge.
- Mitigation: cow dung and biomaterials are the main low-As treatments in the printed grain table.
- Standards workbench: not a market-occurrence survey and not an iAs measurement; do not substitute these tAs values for inorganic arsenic.
- Product routing: despite the auto-fetch target, this is rice-grain evidence, not rice-milk evidence.
Wiki pages this source may touch
Verification notes
- The text layer has OCR ambiguity for some shoot As values in Table 1, so this page anchors only the legible grain As values and the abstract’s shoot-range statement.
- The conclusion section appears to contain a copy-editing carryover about mushroom fruit bodies; this conflicts with the rest of the chapter and is not used for routing.
- The source reports total As only. It cannot support an inorganic-arsenic row without a separate speciation assumption, which is not allowed.
Update history
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