Rice (white, brown, wild — bulk grain)
This page is a scaffolded entry for HMTc Taxonomy v2.0 Category 3 (Grains, Cereals, and Rice Products), Row 7: Rice (white, brown, wild — bulk grain). Evidence ingest into this row is in progress; this page is the routing destination for source-page declarations of products: [rice-bulk-grain]. Sections below are populated by the routing layer (CLAUDE.md Part 5b) as sources land. Where a section is empty, the row has not yet accumulated contributing sources of the required kind.
Who this page is for
- Brand legal teams
- What the peer-reviewed and regulatory literature reports for heavy-metal occurrence in Rice (white, brown, wild — bulk grain), with applicable regulatory caps and source-traceable findings. Use this page to evaluate certification or class-action exposure on a literature-anchored basis.
- Brand regulatory affairs / QA
- The current evidence base for Rice (white, brown, wild — bulk grain), the levers most-effective at reducing heavy-metal load, and the applicable regulatory limits with jurisdiction and basis.
- Retailers and category buyers
- The row-level assortment risk profile and where the literature distinguishes higher-risk from lower-risk product configurations within this row.
- HMT&C staff (internal)
- HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this public page. The Index and HMT&C operate on the same evidence base but apply different publication rules; see the methodology for the separation.
Methodology
This page reports what the cited sources say about heavy-metal concentrations in rice (white, brown, wild — bulk grain). Speciation is non-substitutable per CLAUDE.md Part 14 (iAs vs tAs, MeHg vs tHg, Cr-VI vs total Cr). Basis is preserved (finished-product as sold unless the source specifies otherwise; see each row for the basis label). Non-detect handling follows each source’s reporting convention. Pooling is avoided across LOD/LOQ, period, geography, and analytical-basis differences. HMT&C certification thresholds for products in this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this page; this public page reports literature evidence only.
The applicable regulatory jurisdictions for this row are: FDA, EU, Codex.
Literature Evidence Summary
Pending ingest. The routing layer will surface direct-row-fit sources here as they are added to the corpus with products: [rice-bulk-grain] in source-page frontmatter.
Source Evidence Inventory
Pending ingest. The routing layer populates this section from the source-page set declaring products: [rice-bulk-grain].
Broad Product Context: Author-Scope Index
Pending ingest. The routing layer surfaces sources whose author-stated scope is broader than this row (route_kind: broad_product_context) as they are added.
Federal/Regulatory Limits vs Field Findings
Pending ingest. The applicable regulatory jurisdictions for this row are recorded in the page frontmatter; the crosswalk table is generated by tools/apply-product-crosswalk-sections.mjs once regulation pages and field-evidence sources are routed to this row with structured limit values.
Levers to reduce contamination
Practical interventions to reduce heavy-metal load in this row, ordered by impact magnitude. Each lever names the magnitude of the effect with a cited source; cross-links to dedicated mitigation pages where they exist.
- Sourcing levers — Pending ingest.
- Agronomic levers — Pending ingest. (See agronomic for general agronomic mitigation context.)
- Processing levers — Pending ingest. (See processing.)
- Formulation levers — Pending ingest. (See formulation.)
- Testing and QC levers — Pending ingest. (See testing-and-qc when published.)
- Packaging and storage levers — Pending ingest. (See packaging-and-storage when published.)
How standards math uses this page
HMT&C certification thresholds for this row are developed under the certification program at heavymetaltested.com, not on this page. The row-standard for this row is an aggregate computed from the contributing source pool in the row’s native finished-product basis; it is not a per-source decoration of any single value cited on this page. This public page reports literature evidence only.
Historical recalls and enforcement
Pending ingest. Regulatory events (recalls, enforcement actions, import alerts) relevant to this row will be added as agency records are ingested into the corpus.
Sources
Pending ingest. The Source Legend below is auto-generated by tools/evidence/build-source-legend.mjs once source pages declaring products: [rice-bulk-grain] are added.
Sources
Auto-generated from source-page frontmatter. The “Used on this page for” column is populated by the orchestrator’s POPULATE-SOURCE-LEGEND action; pending entries appear as *[awaiting synthesis]*.
| # | Citation | Year | Type | Used on this page for |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Begum et al. 2024. Fertilization Enhances Grain Inorganic Arsenic Assimilation in Rice, Exposure and Health | 2024 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 2 | EFSA 2024. Update of the risk assessment of inorganic arsenic in food, EFSA Journal | 2024 | Government report | EU iAs, tAs concentrations (n=20) |
| 3 | Silva et al. 2023. Mycotoxins in Rice Correlate with Other Contaminants? A Pilot Study of the Portuguese Scenario and Human Risk Assessment, Toxins 2023, 15, 291 | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | PT iAs occurrence in 36 rice samples produced and commercialized in Portugal (27 Portuguese origin, 9 from abroad; 14 supermarket, 22 from… (n=36) |
| 4 | Wehmeier et al. 2023. Detection of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice Using a Field-Deployable Method with Cola Extraction, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry (published online 23 November 2023) | 2023 | Peer-reviewed | AT iAs, tAs occurrence in 30 rice and rice products (polished, parboiled, unpolished/husked rice, rice crackers, infant rice products) purchased from food shops… (n=30) |
| 5 | Bhat et al. 2022. Long-Term Operation of Brick-Kilns Led Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil-Plant-Animal Continuum in Kashmir Himalayas, International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Biotechnology | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 6 | Jiang et al. 2022. Selenium Decreases the Cadmium Content in Brown Rice: Foliar Se Application to Plants Grown in Cd-contaminated Soil, Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition | 2022 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 7 | Qinghui et al. 2022. Co-accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice cultivars under field conditions in South China, Research Square | 2022 | Preprint | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 8 | EFSA 2021. Chronic dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic, EFSA Journal | 2021 | Government report | EU iAs, tAs concentrations (n=13608) |
| 9 | Enamorado-Montes et al. 2021. Mercury Accumulation in Commercial Varieties of Oryza sativa L. Cultivated in Soils of La Mojana Region, Colombia, Toxics 9(11):304 | 2021 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 10 | Zahra et al. 2020. Magnetic Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Polythiophene as a Sorbent for Simultaneous Solid Phase Microextraction of Lead and Cadmium from Water and Food Samples, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Research | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 11 | Antonio et al. 2020. Ionic imprinted polymer - vortex-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction for inorganic arsenic speciation in rice by HPLC-ICP-MS, Talanta | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 12 | Palmieri et al. 2020. Implications and Significance of Mercury in Rice, Journal of Food Nutrition and Metabolism | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 13 | Pogoson et al. 2020. Reducing the cadmium, inorganic arsenic and dimethylarsinic acid content of rice through food-safe chemical cooking pre-treatment, Food Chemistry | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 14 | Shi et al. 2020. Rice Grain Cadmium Concentrations in the Global Supply-Chain, Exposure and Health 12:869-876 | 2020 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 15 | Maja et al. 2018. Non-chromatographic Speciation of Inorganic Arsenic in Rice by Hydride Generation Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry, Food Analytical Methods | 2018 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 16 | FDA 2016. Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Risk Assessment Report, US Food and Drug Administration | 2016 | Government report | US iAs, tAs concentrations |
| 17 | Llorente-Mirandes et al. 2016. Inorganic Arsenic Determination in Food: A Review of Analytical Proposals and Quality Assessment Over the Last Six Years, Applied Spectroscopy | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | EU/US/CN iAs, tAs concentrations |
| 18 | Signes-Pastor et al. 2016. Geographical variation in inorganic arsenic in paddy field samples and commercial rice from the Iberian Peninsula, Food Chemistry | 2016 | Peer-reviewed | ES/PT/EU iAs, tAs, Cd concentrations (n=164) |
| 19 | Manus et al. 2015. Rethinking Rice Preparation for Highly Efficient Removal of Inorganic Arsenic Using Percolating Cooking Water, PLOS ONE | 2015 | Peer-reviewed | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 20 | Baxter et al. 2015. Total Diet Study of metals and other elements in food, Food and Environment Research Agency report for the UK Food Standards Agency, Fera report 15/06, project FS102081 | 2015 | Government report | [awaiting synthesis] |
| 21 | CR 2014. Analysis of Arsenic in Rice and Other Grains, Consumer Reports Food Safety and Sustainability Center | 2014 | Industry | US iAs, tAs concentrations (n=697) |
| 22 | FDA 2013. Analytical Results from Inorganic Arsenic in Rice and Rice Products Sampling, September 2013, U.S. Food and Drug Administration | 2013 | Regulation | US iAs, tAs concentrations (n=1300) |
| 23 | Williams et al. 2007. Market Basket Survey Shows Elevated Levels of As in South Central U.S. Processed Rice Compared to California: Consequences for Human Dietary Exposure, Environmental Science and Technology | 2007 | Peer-reviewed | US tAs, iAs concentrations (n=134) |
Page history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.