Overview
This method-validation paper developed a non-chromatographic hydride-generation ICP-OES approach for inorganic arsenic in rice and applied it to nine brown rice samples sold in Poland. It is routeable for brown-rice occurrence context because Table 4 reports total arsenic, inorganic arsenic, organic arsenic by difference, and inorganic-arsenic percentage for each rice sample.
Key numbers
- Nine brown rice samples, B1-B9, were analyzed.
- Total arsenic ranged from 172.2 +/- 7.9 to 233.0 +/- 6.4 ng/g dry weight.
- Inorganic arsenic ranged from 68.3 +/- 3.3 to 220.8 +/- 7.1 ng/g dry weight.
- Organic arsenic by difference ranged from 12.2 +/- 0.4 to 112.2 +/- 4.6 ng/g dry weight.
- The inorganic arsenic share of total arsenic ranged from 38% to 95%; eight of nine samples had inorganic arsenic at 67-95% of total arsenic.
- Sample B1 had total As 233.0 +/- 6.4 ng/g, iAs 220.8 +/- 7.1 ng/g, organic As 12.2 +/- 0.4 ng/g, and 95% iAs.
- Sample B6 was the low-iAs exception, with total As 179.5 +/- 6.2 ng/g, iAs 68.3 +/- 3.3 ng/g, organic As 112.2 +/- 4.6 ng/g, and 38% iAs.
Methods
The authors purchased nine 400 g packages of brown rice in Poland, homogenized them, and analyzed total As after microwave-assisted digestion and inorganic As after ultrasound-assisted aqua-regia extraction. Hydride generation ICP-OES was used for both total As and inorganic As, and organic As was estimated as total As minus inorganic As.
Implications
The source supports rice-bulk-grain evidence for total arsenic and inorganic arsenic in brown rice sold in Poland. It is a small method-application sample set rather than a market-representative survey, so its strongest role is routeable occurrence context and method corroboration.
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Verification notes
The source reports concentrations in ng/g dry weight, equivalent to ug/kg. Arsenic species are separated as total As, inorganic As, and organic As by difference; no brand identities were transcribed.
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