Overview
Zhang et al. measured selenium, zinc, and cadmium in steamed rice from Guangxi Province and tested how common dietary supplement additions changed in vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility. The source contributes rice occurrence and bioaccessibility context for cadmium, while the supplement additions are mitigation/intervention conditions rather than measurements of supplement contamination.
Key numbers
- Rice total concentrations: Se 287.11 +/- 6.84 ug/kg, Zn 8.11 +/- 0.94 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) 63.30 +/- 15.12 ug/kg.
- Control gastric-phase bioaccessibility: Cd 52.07%, Zn 36.63%, Se 10.19%.
- Control intestinal-phase bioaccessibility: Zn 26.82%, Cd 18.72%, Se 14.70%.
- Reported Cd bioaccessibility ranges: 47.05-55.09% during the gastric phase and 15.09-20.58% during the intestinal phase.
- Reported Zn bioaccessibility ranges: 35.74-39.51% during the gastric phase and 22.35-33.27% during the intestinal phase.
- Food mass and digestion setup: 1.5 g steamed rice was incubated in 25 mL gastric solution at pH 1.5, 37 C, 100 rpm for 1 h; intestinal digestion added bile extract and pancreatin, adjusted to pH 7, and incubated for 4 h.
- Replication: five replicates per treatment.
- Supplement additions to 1.5 g rice: 7.5 ug vitamin B6, 500 ug vitamin C, 75 ug vitamin E, 2 ug folvite/vitamin B9, 60 ug niacin/vitamin B3, 60 ug copper, 150 ug coenzyme Q10, 3.75 mg methionine, or 4 mg procyanidins.
- Intervention finding: vitamin C significantly increased selenium bioaccessibility, increased zinc bioaccessibility, and reduced cadmium bioaccessibility to some extent; vitamin E, vitamin B6, and vitamin B9 also significantly increased selenium bioaccessibility. Procyanidins, methionine, and coenzyme Q10 significantly reduced selenium bioaccessibility.
Methods (brief)
The study used steamed rice and an in vitro digestion model based on gastric and intestinal simulation fluids. Se, Zn, and Cd were measured by ICP-MS; limits of detection were 0.1-1 ng/g for Se and Zn and less than 0.1 ng/g for Cd. Method accuracy was checked with rice powder certified reference material GBW 10043.
Limitation: this is a preliminary in vitro bioaccessibility experiment, not a dietary intervention trial and not a market survey. The rice concentration value is useful occurrence context for Guangxi rice, while the supplement effects should be treated as bioaccessibility/mitigation evidence.
Implications
Microbiome: Not a microbiome study.
Related evidence
Update history
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