Huda et al. 2024 - Heavy metals and pesticides in irrigated rice near Dhaka

Huda et al. (2024) measured metal and pesticide residues in a soil-water-rice system near Gazipur, Bangladesh, where three rice fields were irrigated with water sources influenced by nearby industrial activity. The routeable product occurrence data are the rice-grain concentrations in Table 3; soil, irrigation water, husk, and stem values are supply-chain context and should not be pooled as finished-grain values. Arsenic and mercury are reported only as total/unspecified As and Hg, so this page records them as tAs and tHg, not inorganic arsenic or methylmercury.

Key numbers

Table 3 reports rice-grain concentrations in µg/kg. The plant-part basis is not explicitly labelled as wet or dry weight in the table; the Methods section describes acid digestion of separated grain, husk, and stem components, with husks and stems air-dried before grinding.

The highest rice-grain values in Table 3 were Ni 5.53 x 10^4 µg/kg in Field-III, Zn 7.51 x 10^3 µg/kg in Field-III, Mn 4.20 x 10^3 µg/kg in Field-II, Pb 3.16 x 10^3 µg/kg in Field-I, Cr 7.88 x 10^2 µg/kg in Field-III, Cu 5.92 x 10^2 µg/kg in Field-I, Cd 2.49 x 10^1 µg/kg in Field-III, tAs 2.16 x 10^1 µg/kg in Field-I, and tHg 6.40 x 10^1 µg/kg in Field-III.

Supply-chain context from Table 2, not finished-grain occurrence: irrigation-water Pb was 1.03 x 10^3 µg/L in Field-I, 7.68 x 10^2 µg/L in Field-II, and 7.43 x 10^2 µg/L in Field-III; irrigation-water Cd was 1.02 x 10^2, 9.29 x 10^1, and 5.85 x 10^1 µg/L, respectively. Soil Pb was 5.91 x 10^4, 6.95 x 10^4, and 6.65 x 10^2 µg/kg across Fields I-III, respectively.

Table 4 reports pesticide co-contaminants in µg/g: diazinon in rice grain was 0.56 +/- 0.23 in Field-I, 0.94 +/- 0.20 in Field-II, and 1.68 +/- 0.089 in Field-III; fenitrothion in rice grain was BDL in Field-I, 0.45 +/- 0.079 in Field-II, and BDL in Field-III. These pesticide values are not metals and are not listed in frontmatter metals.

Methods (brief)

The study used systematic random sampling across three fields near Gazipur, Bangladesh. Soil, irrigation water, and whole rice plants were collected in July 2023; grain was separated from straw in the laboratory, and husk was separated from grain with a mortar and pestle. Plant components were digested with nitric acid and perchloric acid, then analyzed by ICP-MS using a PerkinElmer NexION 2000 system. The metal panel included As, Se, Pb, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Zn, V, Fe, and Hg. Diazinon and fenitrothion residues were analyzed by HPLC/UV after hexane/water extraction.

Implications

This source supports a local, industrial-area rice occurrence route for harvested grain in Bangladesh, with paired soil and irrigation-water context that helps explain the contamination pathway. It should not be treated as a general Bangladesh retail-rice baseline because the sampling frame is three specific fields near industrial activity. The page preserves source-reported tAs and tHg without substituting inorganic arsenic or methylmercury.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• rice
• rice-bulk-grain
• arsenic-total
• lead
• cadmium
• chromium
• mercury
• nickel

Verification notes

• Identity checks before writing found no existing DOI, raw-handle, or cite-key page for 10.1007/s10661-024-12927-1, MFK_a-potential-toxicological-risk-assessment-of-heavy, or huda2024-irrigated-rice-metals-pesticides.
• Source text and rendered Table 3 pages were both checked because the PDF text layer column-wrapped the table. The final rice-grain rows above were transcribed from the rotated page image of Table 3 and rechecked against the surrounding extracted text.
• Speciation: the paper reports As and Hg without speciation. Frontmatter and prose therefore use tAs and tHg; no iAs or MeHg claims were created.
• Units preserved: rice-grain Table 3 values remain in µg/kg; irrigation-water values remain in µg/L; pesticide Table 4 values remain in µg/g; no unit conversions were performed.
• Matrix separation: soil, irrigation water, husk, and stem values are documented only as context. The routeable product occurrence values are rice grain only.
• Table/prose discrepancy: the narrative paragraph on p. 7 states that Field-III Pb was higher in stems at 5966.54 µg/kg and husks at 497.93 µg/kg, but Table 3 places approximately 5.96 x 10^3 µg/kg under Field-III husk and 4.97 x 10^2 µg/kg under Field-III stem. This page follows Table 3 and flags the discrepancy rather than silently swapping labels.
• No brand names were present. Instrument/vendor names are retained only in Methods.

Page history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page. The full version history lives in git; when DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.