Heavy Metal Index
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Unmarked glass laboratory vessels, a closed notebook, sampling spoon and empty specimen dish illustrating Bogdan-Andreescu 2026 salivary biomarker review research context.

Toward Smart Salivary Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review of Heavy Metal Biomarkers and Digital Risk Modeling

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Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the Heavy Metal Index raw corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable analyte and product scope, and the exact extracted numeric lines that justify that scope, for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Author, year, and title are taken from the Crossref record for the DOI, not scraped from the PDF text.

Key numbers

Each analyte named in metals: is listed below with the measurement-bearing lines that caused it to be asserted. Lines are copied from the verified extraction and retain the source units and wording where legible. An analyte with no lines here would not appear in the source metadata.

total mercury (tHg)

  • or higher, lead concentrations of approximately 8–10 µg/L, and mercury concentrations
  • tential (116). Exposure to lead, mercury, or copper has been shown to induce multidrug

lead (Pb)

Methods (brief)

  • Published: 22 February 2026 of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was the
  • salivary metal analysis. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) enables
  • highly sensitive analytical techniques like inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
  • (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), or inductively coupled plasma optical
  • emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) (31–33).
  • cluded as needed, including ICP-MS, atomic absorption spectrometry, ICP-OES, biosensors,
  • coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS),
  • inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), or equivalent
  • 3.1. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
  • Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is widely regarded as the gold
  • Previous studies by Davis et al. and Romano et al. employed ICP-MS to simultaneously
  • complete salivary elemental profiling (31,41). The high sensitivity of ICP-MS enables the
  • Despite its analytical exactness, ICP-MS requires costly instrumentation, specialized
  • 3.2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
  • Before the widespread adoption of ICP-MS, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS)
  • biological fluids. Cold-vapor AAS (CV-AAS) has been widely used to quantify mercury
  • released from dental amalgam restorations (61). Flame AAS (F-AAS) is suitable for elements
  • Although AAS remains a robust and cost-effective analytical approach, its principal

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Update history

No substantive edit history is available in this build. The full commit record is available in git.

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