Impact of Heavy Metal Toxicity on the Gut Microbiota and Its Relationship with Metabolites and Future Probiotics Strategy: a Review

Overview

This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the Heavy Metal Index raw corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable analyte and product scope, and the exact extracted numeric lines that justify that scope, for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.

Author, year, and title are taken from the Crossref record for the DOI, not scraped from the PDF text.

Key numbers

Each analyte named in metals: is listed below with the measurement-bearing lines that caused it to be asserted. Lines are copied from the verified extraction and retain the source units and wording where legible. An analyte with no lines here would not appear in the frontmatter.

Cd

• 12. Ya J, Ju Z, Wang H, Zhao H (2019) Exposure to cadmium
• 96. Albretsen J (2006) The toxicity of iron an essential element. Vet the chronic exposure to lead and cadmium on kidney function:
• dependent effects of cadmium exposure in early life on gut 152. Shrivastava R, Kannan A, Upreti RK, Chaturvedi UC (2005)

tAs

• Web of Science, and Google Scholar (Fig. 2). The fol- Arsenic exposure is a global public challenge, affecting
• 450 papers from external databases, which were subse- ying levels of methylation of inorganic arsenic. This involves
• animal models may aid in identifying arsenic-microbiota liver (136). Even at modest levels, toxins in the environ-
• 8. Choiniere J, Wang L (2016) Exposure to inorganic arsenic can
• (2018) Exposure to arsenic alters the microbiome of larval
• and wastewater. American Public Health Assoc US 118. Tyler CR, Allan AM (2014) The effects of arsenic exposure on

iAs

• 450 papers from external databases, which were subse- ying levels of methylation of inorganic arsenic. This involves
• 8. Choiniere J, Wang L (2016) Exposure to inorganic arsenic can

tHg

• industrial solid waste outflow (69). Human exposure to Hg to elemental mercury was reported in vitro studies where
• abundance of butyrate-producing Akkermansia spp. and at low concentrations (146). Methyl mercury exposure led
• microbiota damage in C57BL inbred mice was reported. and Helicobacter (147). Mercury exposure also has negative

MeHg

• abundance of butyrate-producing Akkermansia spp. and at low concentrations (146). Methyl mercury exposure led
• 130. Fransson MN, Barregard L, Sallsten G, Akerstrom M, Johanson lowing exposure to dietary methylmercury. Environ Sci Technol

Methods (brief)

• dose of ­NaAsO2 (15, 22, or 31 ppm), Bacteroides spp.↓ binding protein, permease, were signifi-
• of these findings, and the questions that remain in this (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). Monomethylar-
• to deterioration of hepatic cells, accelerating liver toxicity. lining deterioration, pulmonary toxicity, indigestion, nausea,
• (43) reported specific alteration in the colonic microbiota polysaccharide digestion, and microbial hydrophobic bile
• 13. Zhang Y, Li Z, Kholodkevich S, Sharov A, Chen C, Feng Y

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Cadmium
• Arsenic
• Arsenic
• Mercury
• Mercury

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Provenance: first author and publication year resolved from Crossref for DOI 10.1007/s12011-021-03092-4. PDFs whose DOI does not resolve are skipped, not given a fallback key.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run twice and the extraction hashes compared before the page was written.
• Analyte scope: each metal is asserted only where its spelled-out name appears on a line carrying a measurement. Element symbols alone never assert an analyte.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs whose numeric lines appear brand-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.