cophocarpa Sendtn. Under the Stress of Hexavalent Chromium

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• 38, 39, and 49%, respectively) and distorted chloroplast ultrastructure led to lower efficiency
• of photosynthesis (by 22.5% compared to control). These leaves also exhibited reduced
• Revised: 17 April 2026 Globally, about 80% of all industrial wastewater is released into aquatic systems
• its toxicity is low (3), whereas Cr(VI) is highly mobile in the wide range of pH, readily
• pared to control (Figure 4A, Table S1). Non-photochemical fluorescence quenching (NPQ),
• (Fv/Fm) decreased (Figure 4A, Table S1). In contrast, in mature leaves of Cr-treated plants,
• (Figure 4B, Table S1). In mature leaves, a decrease in Fv/Fm and an increase in Fo/Fv were
• The maximum permissible Cr(VI) content in surface water is 0.02 mg/L according
• concentrations for freshwater and marine organisms are 0.001 mg/L, and for water used
• for irrigation they are 0.008 mg/L (21). However, in polluted areas, mainly in river waters
• leading to a decrease in dry matter content, 80–90% of which consists of carbon compounds
• of the photosynthetic apparatus: 70–80% of chlorophylls are localized in the LHC-PSII
• 10%) may be accumulated in younger leaves due to their greater capacity to reduce Cr(VI) to
• supernatant (0.2 mL) was mixed with 0.8 mL of 20% TCA with 0.5% of TBA (thiobarbituric
• 10 mg) were homogenized in 1 mL of 80% acetone under ice conditions. After centrifugation
• chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured and calculated (Table 1).
• Table 1. Abbreviations and descriptions of extracted and calculated fluorescence parameters.
• After 7 days of culture, young and mature leaves were fixed in 2.5% (v/v) glutaralde-
• hyde/4% (v/v) formaldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer (pH 7.0) for 2 h at 4 ◦ C,
• washed three times in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer and post-fixed in 1.5% (w/v) osmium
• Significant differences between means were indicated using Student’s t-test at p < 0.05.

Methods (brief)

• (water-starwort). Cultures were initiated from shoot fragments of plants collected from
• Young and mature leaves were collected from plants in each treatment. Young leaves
• were collected from the first and second node under the apical bud. Mature leaves were
• collected from the fifth, sixth and seventh node under the apical bud.
• The level of lipid peroxidation in leaves was evaluated based on malonylodialdehyde
• cording to Dhindsa et al. (43). Approximately 10 mg of collected leaves were homogenized
• Photosynthetic pigment content was determined in collected leaves according to
• spectrophotometric methods of Lichtenthaler (44). Fresh tissue samples (approximately

Implications

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Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Chromium

Verification notes

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Update history

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