Between Heavy Metal Exposure in

Overview

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Key numbers

The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:

• mpm/62003000/htmlMenuView.do) and is changes during pregnancy. During pregnancy, plasma volume may increase by up to 50%,
• After excluding births outside the 37–42 weeks gestational period (n = 418), multiple term
• pregnancies (n = 79), and stillbirths (n = 4), the final study population included 4,712 full-
• detection levels for blood Pb, Hg, and Cd were 0.009 μg/dL, 0.10 μg/L, and 0.05 μg/L,
• coefficients of variation (CV, %) were 1.61, 2.69, and 4.82 for Pb, Hg, and Cd, respectively.
• 1.9%, and the prevalence of those with very LBW and extremely LBW was 0%, which was too
• Table 1 shows the baseline characteristics of the study participants with full-term singleton
• Table 1. Baseline characteristics of study participants with full-term, singleton, live births and newborn outcomes
• Mercury, µg/L 2.05 (1.54–2.78)
• Cadmium, µg/L 0.57 (0.42–0.75)
• Mercury, µg/L 1.72 (1.31–2.31)
• Cadmium, µg/L 0.66 (0.49–0.85)
• had household incomes greater than the national median for two family members, and 88.1%
• were university or college graduates. The mean maternal GWG was 12.6 ± 5.0 kg and mean
• paternal BMI was 25.1 ± 3.2 kg/m2. The median blood levels (95% CI) in early pregnancy were
• For newborns, the mean gestational age at birth was 39 ± 1.0 weeks. The birthweight and
• P = 0.004; Table 2) were associated with lower birthweights in newborns. Late Cd exposure
• GWG were generally positive for Pb and Hg (Table 3). Similarly, early blood heavy metal levels
• Table 2. Association of single and differences in early and late exposures with newborn anthropometric measures
• Table 3. Sequential mediation models of newborn anthropometry for prenatal heavy metal exposure
• association was stronger when the GWG was normal or low (P for interaction = 0.036; Fig. 2).
• between late Cd exposure and birthweight (P for interaction = 0.289) and between late
• Pb exposure and the z-score (P for interaction = 0.118).
• Fig. 2. Late pregnancy lead level (A), cadmium level (B), and birthweight, stratified according to excessive gestational weight gain (N = 4,712).
• on data from the Korean Children’s ENvironmental health Study (N = 4,712).

Methods (brief)

• prospectively collected nationally-representative cohort data from Korea.
• Blood samples were collected and analyzed, as described previously.10 Approximately
• 20 mL of venous blood was collected from participants at 12–20 weeks and > 28 weeks
• of gestation during outpatient visits. The samples were stored in a refrigerator and
• measured using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and an Agilent
• 7900 ICP-MS instrument (Agilent Technologies®, Santa Clara, CA, USA).12 Threshold
• between antenatal visits, we assumed that the variability in blood sample collection had a

Implications

This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.

Wiki pages this source may touch

• Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
• Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
• Mercury
• Mercury
• Cadmium
• Lead

Verification notes

• Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing wiki/sources/ pages before creation.
• Full-PDF read: pdftotext -layout was run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written.
• Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
• Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
• HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.

Update history

The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.