Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- variations in a –15 ◦ C to 55 ◦ C range but is also resilient to soil pH changes from pH 3
- Ilinizas Reservoir in Ecuador. The study reported an average arsenic remediation of 97%
- in both water and sediment. On the other hand, an average iron remediation of 87% was
- average slope by 7% compared to the untreated cropland (13). Raman and Gnansounou
- wastewater. Worku et al. reported removal efficiency of vetiver grass up to 58% and 73% for
- The removal efficiencies ranged from 26 to 46% for Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN), 28 to 46%
- Vetiver has an arsenic tolerance of up to 225 mg/kg. Datta et al. reported 10.6% arsenic
- removal in soil contaminated with 45 mg/kg (20).
- moval of phenol from a solution with 50–100 mg/L and 70%, 76%, and 89% removal
- environment. However, phenol inhibits vetiver growth (30). Saeb et al. reported 8 mg/kg
- 81.5% to 60.9% of naproxen at 100 to 500 mgL−1 concentrations (44). Recently, Panja et al.
- effluent. More than 90% of the examined antibiotics were removal within 30 days. It
- also removed > 40%, >60%, >50%, >40% of nitrate, phosphate, total organic carbon, and
- vetiver grass can effectively remove 77%, 36%, 88%, and 43% of BOD, COD, SS, and color,
- compounds to 91% and 59%, respectively (53). Vetiver has also been reported to treat
- shoots (59,60). Vetiver is used in wastewater from cardboard mills to remove 66% of lead
- and 64% of cadmium (61).
- Table 1. Refined vetiver grass biomass derivatives.
- and the combination of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) with vetiver (100 mg/kg) is effective in re-
- Vetiver essential oil (VEO) at 100 ppm in cancer cell lines has been reported to inhibit
- the growth of 89% of SiHa cervical cells, 88% of CaSki cervical cells, and 89% of MCF-
- Table 2 shows the main constituents (bold numbers as the main compounds) of each
- Table 2. Main molecules found in vetiver essential oil from Madagascar, India, the Philippines, Ghana,
- yield parameters. It produced a 3.2% extraction yield in a significantly shorter time than
- dant activity, and the median inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values ranged from 1.39 to
- was the major compound present in the extracted yield using CXE (26.54% and 9.74%,
- amount of 18.48% and, in the SFE case, the most abundant compound was γ-himachalene
- (32.65%). γ-Himachalene was the compound with the highest relative yield among all the
- properties analyzed(13.24%),
- (4.87%), and hydroxyvalencene (4.64%) using GC-MS characterization. A certain dosage of
- determined to be khusimol (19.57%), E-isovalencenol (13.24%), α-vetivone (5.25%), β-
- vetivone (4.87%), and hydroxyvalencene (4.64%) using GC-MS characterization. A certain
- 74.07% to 78.18% and for Culex quinquefasciatus ranging from 55.36% to 83.64%; the mix-
- exhibit knockdown action, while A. minimus and C. quinquefasciatus did (escape rates 18.18%
- caused up to 38.9% mortality in peas. Citrus tree growth remained unaffected. In a
- component of both essential oils; in North India, it contributes to up 16.25% while in South
- India, it makes up 15.77%. In another study, essential oil from the roots of vetiver showed
- in 95% ethanol (10% dry weight plant material/volume ethanol) and exhibited 70% and
- 40% mortality, respectively, against the second-stage juvenile (known as J2) of the ne-
- increasing concentrations, reaching 95% at 200 mg/g. Moreover, termites were unable to dig
- oil also showed a repelling effect, reducing to 27.22% and 33.33%, respectively.
- trol group experienced a cumulative mortality of less than 5% after seven days, but the
Methods (brief)
- crop production and soil properties in western Ethiopia. Soil samples were collected from
- Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analytical data revealed that the tissue-
- yield (the amount of oil obtained divided by the amount of original sample) was higher for
- raphy, silica HPLC, and GC-MS (112). Crude VEO and some of its inherent antioxidant
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Fish — marine, non-predatory (sardines, anchovies, salmon, cod)
- Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
- Root-Vegetable Purees
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Cadmium
- Arsenic
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.