Metabolic Efficacy of Chromium Picolinate in Rats

Overview

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distributed under the terms and of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) at age 18 increased from 7.6% to 70.3% in underweight to very
conditions of the Creative Commons obese men, and from 12.2% to 74.4% in women. At age 65, the risk difference for overweight
Attribution (CC BY) license to very obese individuals compared to those of normal weight rose from 3.7% to 23.9%
with SS increased the absorption of iron, zinc, magnesium, and calcium by 41%, 41%,
21%, and 17%, respectively (29). These elements were still excreted normally in the urine.
a desorption rate of 73.19% under an alkaline condition (37). Simple coagulation methods
of over 90% and recycling 82% of it (38). The crosslinking of chitosan with SS significantly
orange dye from aqueous solutions, achieving values of 139 mg g−3 and 385 mg g−3 ,
higher molecular weight range suggesting a more intact structure. Table 1 shows the amino
weight between groups (Table 2). However, all treatment groups tended to have decreased
(Table 3). The liver weight of the group received CrPic combined with SS at a dose of
control group and remained within the normal range (50,51).
Table 3. Comparison of internal organ weights of the control and treatment groups given CrPic and
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * p < 0.05 compared to control group; six rats per group.
Table 4 presents blood chemistry analysis for all rat groups. Plasma glucose levels
BW observed the most substantial cholesterol reduction, reaching 25.6%. All treatment
around 22%. The groups administered CrPic and CrPic with all doses of SS had a significant
demonstrating the greatest percentage drop at 62.6%. All treatment groups exhibited a
percentage, at 50%. Total protein levels significantly increased in all experimental groups
Table 4. Comparison of clinical chemistry blood of the control and treatment groups given CrPic and
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * p < 0.05 compared to control group; six rats per group.
Table 5 shows the increased Cr accumulation in the kidneys and liver across all
Table 5. Comparison of the amount of Cr accumulated in the liver and kidneys of the control
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * p < 0.05 compared to control group; six rats per group.
Table 6 presents the dimensions of adipocytes in the omentum across all rat groups,
adipocyte sizes more than 50 µm in diameter, representing 100% of the population. The
only CrPic was able to reduce adipocyte size to below 50 µm in diameter in up to 50% of
measuring smaller than 50 µm in diameter at 83% in the group administered SS at a dose
omentum-to-final body weight ratio for all groups (Tables 2 and 3) exhibited a gradual
decline from 0.18% in the control group to 0.146% in the group administered CrPic and a
Values are expressed as mean ± SD, * p < 0.05 compared to control group; six rats per group.
sizes exhibited a slight but insignificant difference; the SS-fed group had 83% of adipose
cells more than 50 µm, whereas the control group had 100% of cells exceeding this size
(Table 6). Figure 3C,D displayed a similar morphology, characterized by small adipose cells
along with CrPic demonstrated CRR values < 3, within the safe range, and lower than the
increased, CVD risk could be reduced as indicated by the decreased CRR to 40% (from 2.40
increased HDL and total proteins (Table 4), indicate that the treatment groups exhibited
by advantageous alterations in body composition, with 98% of the weight loss attributed
to FM and merely 2% to LBM (89,90). CrPic has shown efficacy as the optimal choice for
a 1:2 ratio, boiled for 3–5 min, cooled, and loaded (10–15 µL) onto a 7% polyacrylamide
measurement surface. Spectra were recorded in the range of 4000–400 cm−1 at room
variations. Omental tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, sectioned into slices no thicker

Methods (brief)

Amino Acids Concentration (mg 100 g−1 ) Limit of Detection (LOD) (mg)
The FTIR spectra of CrPic under simulated gastric digestion for 6 h (Figure 2) revealed
For the FTIR spectra of the CrPic–SS mixture after adjusting to simulated digestion pH,
extent of digestion and the stability of the complex formed.
ened enzyme production. Pancreas secretes enzymes like lipase for fat digestion in the
described by Weber and Osborn (1969) (101). SS solution was mixed with sample buffer at
(based on Commission Directive 98/64/EC) (102). The sample was hydrolyzed in 6 mol/L
frozen at −80 ◦ C (CrPic + SS, 2 h at pH 2.0 + 4 h at pH 7.0). All frozen samples underwent
Functional groups of the samples were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared
Kwak et al. (2013) (37) and Manupa et al. (2023) (107). A powdered sample (0.2–0.5 g)
BW. Blood samples were obtained immediately after cardiac puncture. Following this, the
coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), according to the method described by Ander-
The rats were divided into six groups, with each group consisting of six rats. The sample
ensure a basal metabolic state. Following euthanasia, blood was collected immediately
the samples were centrifuged at 3000× g for 15 min at 4 ◦ C to separate the plasma. The
resulting plasma supernatant was collected and promptly sent to the Med Star Lab (Chiang
for Cr accumulation using ICP-MS equipment at the Chiang Mai Branch Central Laboratory
1. Heidari Seyedmahalle, M.; Haghpanah Jahromi, F.; Akbarzadeh, M.; Sohrabi, Z. Effect of Chromium Supplementation on Body

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The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.

Commit	Date	Change	Description
b01ec52c	2026-08-04	major	2 sections added
d49e450f	2026-08-03	major	5 sections added; narrative text revised