Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the research-pulls corpus. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- removal (1, 2). Table 1 presents the general physicochemical properties of both oxybenzone
- coatings (9). It is estimated that approximately 81% of personal care products marketed in the
- usage of sunscreens globally; for instance, 79.4% of 3,000 respondents in Germany reported
- frequent sunscreen use (11), while 75% of 2,321 participants in Saudi Arabia indicated regular
- 96% of oxybenzone is rinsed off during bathing, with residues flowing into wastewater systems
- 1000 μg/L oxybenzone for 15 days reduced locomotor activity, increased anxiety-like
- Posidonia oceanica 5–500 μg/L ROS increase, chloroplast Disruption of photosynthesis, ROS- (24)
- Cucumis sativus L. 50–5000 μg/l PET inhibition, ROS overproduction, chloroplast (25)
- Coral species 33–50 ppm Coral bleaching, symbiont Oxidative stress, viral lytic activation (21, 25,
- Zebrafish (Danio 10–1000 μg/l Reduced locomotion, delayed Endocrine disruption (anti- (29)
- sunscreen agents is summarized in Table 2.
- Table 2. Treatment technologies for biodegradation of sunscreen agents.
- Non-Sterile Culture Biological Klebsiella CYP450-mediated 99.3% degradation (33,37)
- Revolving Algae Algal biofilm Green algae, Phase I 94–98% (38–42)
- Fluidized Bed Attached-growth Trametes Glycosylation; CYP450 95–100% removal; (43–46)
- low bioaccumulation of oxybenzone (2–6% in biomass), the degradation efficiency was
- oxybenzone, achieving 95–100% removal (46). Biodegradation often begins with
- microfiltration, and ozonation achieve only 28–31% removal of BP3 (49), while activated
- are highly specific, and can be genetically modified to target a range of pollutants (54, 55). The
- 30% while maintaining yield (40, 58). Additionally, the resulting algal biomass, which is over
- 80% water, can be reused directly as feedstock without costly dewatering, providing added
- biomass at 13% CO2, whereas lower CO2 concentrations result in reduced growth (64).
Methods (brief)
- ng/l in groundwater samples from Spain (17). Recreational waters such as swimming pools and
- (5) Breakell, T.; Kowalski, I.; Foerster, Y.; Kramer, R.; Erdmann, M.; Berking, C.; Heppt, M.V.
- Benzophenones in the Environment: Occurrence, Fate and Sample Preparation in the
- Production from Anaerobic Digestion and the Possibility of Using Sugarcane Wastewater and
- (60) Saravanan, A.; Kumar, P.S.; Vo, D.N.; Jeevanantham, S.; Karishma, S.; Yaashikaa, P. (2021). A
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
Wiki pages this source may touch
- Shellfish (shrimp, crab, lobster, clams, oysters, mussels)
- Baby Sunscreen, Mineral (ZnO + TiO2)
- Nickel
- Chromium
Verification notes
- Identity check: DOI, raw handle, candidate cite-key, and SHA-256 were compared against existing
wiki/sources/pages before creation. - Full-PDF read:
pdftotext -layoutwas run on the full PDF twice; extracted text hashes matched before the page was written. - Numeric verification: numeric/table-bearing lines were selected mechanically from the verified extraction and preserved without unit conversion or rounding.
- Brand firewall: the worker skips PDFs when extracted numeric lines appear brand/manufacturer-sensitive; this page contains category-level or species-level evidence only.
- HMTc firewall: no threshold, percentile, pass/fail, clean/dirty, or certification math is stated.
Update history
The five most recent substantive edits to this page, classified major (evidence or structure moved), correction (a published value or statement was wrong and has been fixed), or minor (narrative rewritten without changing the underlying evidence). Each description is derived from what the edit did to this page; the linked commit is the authoritative record, routine regeneration passes are excluded, and the full version history lives in git. When DOI minting comes online (see schema docs), each entry below will also link to a version-pinned DataCite DOI.