Overview
This source page is a mechanical bulk-ingest record for a PDF in the methylmercury infant-formula research pull. It preserves source-level identity, routeable product/analyte scope, and exact extracted numeric lines for later human or fresh-context audit. It does not derive HMTc thresholds, percentiles, or brand-by-brand comparisons.
Key numbers
The worker extracted the full PDF text with layout preservation twice and compared extraction hashes before commit. The following lines are copied from numeric/table-bearing regions of the PDF and retain the source units and wording where legible:
- Somanjana Khatua1 | Anish Nag2 | Surajit Sen3 | Jit Sarkar4 | Krishnendu Acharya4 | Daniela Calina5 |
- 1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India | 2Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST University,
- Bangalore, Karnataka, India | 3Department of Botany, Fakir Chand College, Kolkata, India | 4Molecular and Applied Mycology and Plant Pathology
- Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India | 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy,
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania | 6Aromatic Plant Research Center, Lehi, Utah, USA | 7Department of Chemistry,
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA | 8Universidad Espíritu Santo, Samborondón, Ecuador | 9Department of Medicine,
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea | 10Centro de Estudios Tecnológicos y Universitarios del Golfo, Veracruz, Mexico
- Abbreviations: AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole; BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene; DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; FRAP,
- ferric ion reducing antioxidant power; GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IC50, half-maximal
- © 2026 The Author(s). Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
- https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.71860
- 1 | Introduction et al. 2019). However, the cultivated variant harbors diminished
- Wild parsnip (Pastinaca sativa L.), a monocarpic herbaceous counterpart (Averill and DiTommaso 2007). In recent years,
- barely explored species (Jianu et al. 2020). It originated possi- to its untapped pharmacological potential, rich phytochemi-
- genus) and at present has spread throughout the world includ- et al. 2023). This surge aligns with broader trends in the last
- ing United States and southern Canada due to domestication 5 years, which highlight a marked shift towards the develop-
- (Stelmach and Grzebelus 2023). However, the plant is sparsely ment of natural, plant-based functional foods, bioactive-rich
- distributed in India, Ceylon, and China (Nagaraju et al. 2021). dietary supplements, and clinical evaluations of traditional bo-
- fields, railroad embankments, roadside areas, and abandoned et al. 2023). As global consumers increasingly seek foods with
- spaces (Arshad et al. 2025) (Contreras-Pacheco et al. 2026). added health benefits, P. sativa stands out as a promising yet un-
- Celak.; ssp. sylvestris (Mill.) Rouy (Jianu et al. 2020). Parsnip ing new insights into its utility in modern medicine, functional
- fascination is its robust, funnel-shaped taproot, ranging from 2 | Review Methodology
- culinary creations (Ušjak et al. 2022). It is also used as animal cal,” and “Pastinaca sativa description,” combined with Boolean
- lactation in nursing mothers (Khadivi et al. 2023). The taproot findings. Articles published exclusively in English were consid-
- good source of dietary fibers (N. Č. Nikolić et al. 2014). Besides, high-quality editorials that provide substantial insights into the
- lifestyle (Tecucianu and Oancea 2019). However, parsnip, like of phytochemicals and relevant information were obtained from
- texture-modified parsnip products with improved palatability, Criteria: articles published prior to 2000 were excluded to pre-
- properties (Kim et al. 2022). Consequently, parsnips contain were excluded due to the risk of translation inaccuracies and to
- (Stelmach and Grzebelus 2023; Tosun et al. 2019). However, vativeness, clarity of explanation, systematic approach, and high
- 3 | Botanical Description and Geographical ebracteate or ebracteolate; sepals are minute or absent. Fruits are
- tus, which means “food” signifies the edible root (Fernald 1950; the World Flora Online (WFO) database, and P. sativa has been
- Menemen and Jury 2001). The common names of Pastinaca are: divided into two subspecies (ssp. sativa and ssp. urens) (Table 1).
- weed, and tank (Jaques 1959; Klaber 1942). Pastinaca sativa has under the genus Pastinaca (Table 1). In the realm of P. lucida, its
- Philpott 2010). While typically a biennial, the plant has the ca- nate leaves adorned with hairs on both sides, P. lucida boasts this
- Baskin 1979; Sullivan 2004; Zomlefer 1994). The tall (0.3–1 m), teoles, petal color and hairiness, as well as ray length and quantity,
- feathery appearance, measuring around 15 cm in length. The plant yellow petals, leaves that are once-pinnate and covered in hair on
- undergoes a maturation process spanning over 2 years, culminat- both surfaces, and is characterized by its ebracteate or ebracteolate
- of upper leaves, which can also be sessile. Each leaf contains 5–15, presence of leaf hairs (Averill and DiTommaso 2007). The plant
- oblong to ovate, lobed, or serrated leaflets that are 5–10 cm in long is prevalent throughout temperate Europe, ranging from Eastern
- (Sullivan 2004). Inflorescences are large, compound umbels, ap- Europe into Western Central Asia, via Turkey into Iran and the
- proximately 10–20 cm wide more or less flat-topped, with 6–25 Caucasus, and south-eastward from the Pamirs to the western
- straight rays supporting the umbellets (Figure 1). The primary Himalayan range. It is also found in Africa, South America, New
Methods (brief)
- ferric ion reducing antioxidant power; GC–MS, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography; IC50, half-maximal
- cottagers boil the roots in water and hops followed by fermenta- or fruits garner acclaim for its advantageous effects on digestion
- sidered bitter aromatics that increases milk yield. It is used as a plant could be applied to increase appetite, better digestion, and
- Medicinal uses Used by ancient Romans and Greeks for digestion, (Kalloo 1993)
- are used to enhance digestion and diuresis.
- ganic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids and of 1.59 mg/mL. HPLC analysis indicated the presence of various
- detection (UHPLC-PDA), high-performance thin-layer chroma- also been used to understand antioxidant activities of methanol
- usda.gov/northeast-a rea/beltsv ille-md-bhnrc/beltsv ille-human-nutri Coumarins in Apiaceae Family Using a Validated UHPLC-PDA With
Implications
This page makes the source discoverable for category-level evidence routing. Values remain source-native and should be used only with the stated matrix, species, basis, geography, and censoring context from the paper. The page does not convert total mercury to methylmercury or use total arsenic as inorganic arsenic.
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Verification notes
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Update history
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